ZOOLOGY. 109 
coarse, and wiry, and stiff on the top of the neck and between 
the shoulders. The “grizzly,” as he is usually called, is more 
common in California than any other kind of bear, and was 
at one time exceedingly numerous for so large an animal; but 
he offered so much meat for the hunters, and did 80 egal 
damage to the farmers, that he has been industriously hunted, 
and his numbers have been greatly reduced. He ranges 
throughout the state, but prefers to make his home in the 
chaparral or bushes, whereas the black bear likes the heavy 
timber. The grizzly is very tenacious of life, and he is sel- 
dom immediately killed by a single bullet. His thick, wiry 
hair, tough skin, heavy coats of fat when in good condition, 
and large bones, go far to protect his vital organs; but he 
often seems to preserve all his strength and activity for an 
hour or more after having been shot through the lungs and 
liver with large rifle-balls. He is one of the most dangerous 
animals to attack. There is much probability that when shot 
be will not be killed outright. When merely wounded he is 
ferocious; his weight and strength are so great that he bears 
down all opposition before him; and he is very quick, his 
speed in running being nearly equal to that of the horse. In 
attacking a man, he usually rises on his hind-legs, strikes his 
enemy with one of his powerful fore-paws, and then commences 
to bite him. If the man lies still, with his face down, the bear 
will usually content himself with biting him for a while about 
the arms and legs, and will then go off a few steps and watch 
him. If the man lies still, the bear will believe him dead, and 
will soon get tired and go away. But let the man move, and 
the bear is upon him again; let him fight, and he will be in im- 
minent danger of being torn to pieces. About half a dozen 
men, on an average, are killed yearly in California by grizzly 
bears, and as many more are cruelly mutilated. 
Fortunately, the grizzly bear is not disposed to attack man, 
and never makes the first assault unless driven by hunger or 
maternal anxiety. The dam will attack any man who comes 
near her cubs, and on this account it is dangerous to go in the 
