ZOOLOGY. 137 
pigeon found on the Pacific coast, bears a strong resemblance 
in form, size, and color, to its congener in the Atlantic states, 
and has similar habits, but is not numerous. Small flocks mi- 
grate through the state every spring and autumn, and some 
of them spend the summer here. 
The white-winged dove (Melophelia leucoptera) has been 
seen in the southern part of the state, but is very rare. It has 
white spots on its wings, whence its common and technical 
names are derived. 
The common dove (Zenaidura carolinensis) of the Atlantic 
slope is found on the Pacific slope as well. 
The sand-hill crane (Grus canadensis) are found from the 
meridian of Cincinnati to the Pacific, and are not rare in Cali- 
fornia. They spend the winters in our valleys, and in the 
spring migrate to the Klamath Lakes and farther north, where 
they spend their summers and breed. Subsisting upon vege- 
table food exclusively, they are themselves good to eat, and 
are frequently seen in the San Francisco market. 
§ 105. Waders.—The order of waders (Graillatores) is rep- 
resented in California by forty-one species of birds, namely: 
one crane, two herons, two bitterns, one fly-up-the-creek, one 
ibis, six plovers, one oyster-catcher, two turnstones, one avoi- 
set, three phalaropes, one stilt, one willet, one godwit, one 
curlew, five snipes, five sand-pipers, one sanderling, three rails, 
and one coot. The oyster-catcher, one turnstone, one plover, 
and one heron, are the only species in the list not found east 
of the Mississippi, and none of them have such value or pecu- 
liarities as would give interest to a particular description of 
them. 
$106. Swimmers.—California has sixty-six species of the 
order of swimmers (Watatores): of these there are two swans, 
six geese, twenty-two ducks, four albatross, two petrels, seven 
gulls, four terns, three pelicans, three cormorants, four guille- 
mots, one loon, and various miscellaneous species. One swan, 
all the albatrosses, five gulls, the two petrels, the loon, and one 
guillemot, arg found only on this coast, 
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