AGRICULTURE. 193 
dollars apiece annually from his bearing trees; but since that 
time the bugs have injured the crop seriously. 
The tree is very beautiful, and grows continuously. The 
wood is hard and valuable. The tops grow very bushy, and 
frequently branches have to be cut out to allow the air to have 
access to the fruit and leaves; and sometimes the trees have 
to be supported, to save them from breaking down under the 
weight of their fruit. The trees, after setting out in the or- 
cbard, should be irrigated thrice every summer, and, unless 
the land is rich, should be thanured. ; 
The bug, a species of Aphis, has fixed itself in most of the 
bearing trees in the state; and unless some remedy not now 
in use be applied, it will probably kill all the trees. Many 
devices to drive away the pest have been tried in vain. But 
there must be a bane for this bug: when that bane is once 
found, the cultivation of the orange will take an important 
place in the horticulture of the southern part of the state, and 
therefore every good citizen is interested in finding it. 
§ 151. The Grape.— California is a favorite land of the 
grape; and indeed many of our vine-growers suppose it to be 
the best grape country in the world. 
The grape region of California extends from the southern 
boundary, at latitude 32° 30’, to 41°, a distance of five hundred 
and ninety-five miles from north to south, with an average 
breadth from east to west of about one hundred miles. The 
Los Angeles grape district is in an open plain about seventy 
miles long, and reaching back thirty miles from the ocean— 
bounded on the east by barren, rugged mountains. The So- 
noma, Napa, and Santa Clara grape districts, are in flat, nar- 
row valleys, shut in by steep, rugged ridges of the Coast 
Mountains, between latitude 37° 30’ and 39°. The Sacramento 
grape district is in a flat valley, about half way between moun- 
tain-rangés fifty miles apart. The grape districts of the Sierra 
Nevada are situated on the western slopes of those high moun- 
tains, usually in very small dales. 
The soil of the vineyards at Los Angeles and Anaheim is a 
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