AGRICULTURE. 209 
sale in 1861 at twenty-five cents per pound. It is in the mar- 
ket from the first of July to the middle of September. Wine 
is made from the blackberry in the same manner as from the 
raspberry, and sometimes the two berries are combined to- 
gether. 
§ 154. Ornamental Shrubs.—Professional gardeners say that 
California is better fitted by Nature than any part of Europe 
or the Atlantic slopes to have beautiful ornamental gardens. 
Our shrubs are more numerous, grow larger, remain green 
longer, and have a longer blooming season, than those of other 
states. The mayo and malva trees, the rose, the daisy, the 
pansy, the wlyssum, the clyanthus punceus, the flowering ver- 
bena, the hollyhock, and the calla or Ethiopian lily, bloom here 
in the open air every month in the year. The honeysuckle, 
metrosideros, and myrtle, bloom from March to December ; 
the geranium and snow-ball from April to October; the violet 
from October to May; the pittosporum from November to 
March; the spireas and flowering almond from March to June; 
and the camelia japonica from January to May, all in the open 
air. Persons at all familiar with the cultivation of these flow- 
ers in New York will observe that the blooming season here 
is, on an average, fully double its length there. Not only de 
they bloom in the open air, but they retain their leaves through 
most of the winter months, so that our gardens are never bare 
and cheerless as they are in the Atlantic winters. I have seen 
a rosebush bearing twenty full-blown roses in January, and 
that in the open air, with no assistance from artificial heat, and 
no protection save that of clambering up a brick wall on the 
southern side of an unoccupied house. Our roses are larger as 
well as more abundant than in the Eastern states, but their 
petfume is not so strong. 
A marked feature of our ornamental gardening is our ability 
i. cultivate in the open air many plants which can only be pre- 
served in this latitude east of the Rocky Mountains under glass 
and with the aid of artificial heat. These plants are too nu- 
merous to be all specially named here; but some of the more 
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