222 RESOURCES OF CALIFORNIA. 
are seldom cultivated for cattle; hay, barley, and wheat-bran, 
are used for feeding them when kept 3 in the yard. Beeves are 
never stall-fed in California. 
§ 164. Dairies—The chief dairy districts of the state are 
the valleys in the vicinity of the bay of San Francisco. The 
business is very profitable, but requires a considerable capital. 
The climate near the coast is very favorable for making 
butter and cheese. 
In 1860, according to the assessors’ reports, Santa Clara 
county produced 220,000 Ibs. of butter and 300,000 Ibs. of 
cheese ; Marin, 226,000 Ibs. of butter and 170,000 lbs. of 
cheese; Sonoma, 220,000 lbs. of butter and 103,000 lbs. of 
cheese ; Sacramento, 148,000 lbs. of butter and 122,000 lbs. of 
cheese; Yuba, 92,000 lbs. of butter and 5,745 Ibs. of cheese ; 
and Alameda, 79,000 Ibs. of butter and 103,000 lbs. of cheese, 
§ 165. Spanish Horses—California has about one hundred 
and fifty thousand horses, of which about one-third are Ameii- 
can; one-third wild Spanish; and one-third tame Spanish. 
The Spanish horses are of the old stock imported, sent early in 
the sixteenth century from Spain to Mexico, and thence brought 
to California about eighty years ago. Like the neat cattle, the 
Spanish horses run wild, and partake, to some extent, of the 
wild nature. They show their base blood by their colors— 
mouse color, dull duns of various shades, and calico color, or 
mixtures of white with red or black, in numerous large spots 
or blotches, are common; while chestnut, bright sorrel, blood- 
bay, and dappled gray, are very rare among them. They are 
quick, tough, healthy, and unsurpassable for the uses of the 
rider and the vaquero; but small, lacking in weight, strength, 
and beauty, and unfitted for the heavy, steady work of the 
plough, cart, or wagon. They are wanting in the docility, 
kindly disposition and steadiness of the well-bred horse; and 
they have little of that kind of sense which leads an American 
horse to be quiet and gentle, even in circumstances strange to 
him. For California, as it was in 1845, there were no better 
horses than the Spanish-Mexican. They have a wonderful tough- 
