298 RESOURCES OF CALIFORNIA. 
Creek one each. The county has eight mining-ditches, with an 
aggregate length of one hundred and sixty-seven miles. 
§ 224. Calaveras and Tuolumne.—Next to Amador is Caln- 
veras county, bounded on the north by the Mokelumne Miver, 
on the south by the Stanislaus River, with the Calaveras River 
running between them. The principal mining towns are Moke- 
lumne Hill, San Andres, Murphy’s, Angel’s, Vallecito, West 
Point, Campo Secho, Douglass’ Flat, Carson, Jesus Maria, and 
Esperanza. The county has thirty-three quartz-mills, of which 
twelve are at Angel’s, at Carson and the South Fork of the Mok- 
elumne River four each, three at the North Fork of the Mok- 
elumne, at West Point, Rich Gulch, Murray’s Creek and the 
Middle Fork of the Mokelumne, two each, and at Bear Creek 
and McKinney’s Humbug one each. Mr. Capp says, “The main 
wealth of the district about West Point consists in its quartz 
leads, which are so numerous that several of the residents in- 
formed me, that starting three miles north of West Point, and 
proceeding south for a distance of nine miles to the junction 
of the forks of the Mokelumne, a person would cross a quartz 
vein in every hundred yards. About one hundred of these veins 
have been prospected upon the surface, and scarcely any have 
been found that did not prove to contain gold. As a proof of 
the richness of the veins of this district, it would be sufficient to 
state that large numbers of Mexicans and other Spaniards are 
now working them successfully, although they pay from one 
dollar to one dollar and fifty cents per cargo of three hundred 
pounds, to have the rock ground in arastras, to which freight 
from the leads to the mills along the river has also to be added. 
Mexicans who do their own work, cannot possibly afford to 
work rock that does not at least pay three dollars per cargo, 
or twenty dollars per ton, and in fact they seldom do work 
rock that pays less than six dollars per cargo and forty dollars 
per ton. 
“There is very little slate in this district, and nearly all’ the 
quartz veins are encased in granite, which is usually much de- 
composed. Occasionally, the granite appears to ‘pinch’ the 
