324 RESOURCES OF CALIFORNIA. 
California bas built many schooners, and one war-vessel of 
fifteen hundred tons, but will never construct many ships. Her 
evergreen-oak, laurel, and madrofia, are good for ships’ knees 
and frames; but the trees are rare and costly, and far from 
the shipyards: while Puget Sound is so near, and has such 
very great advantages over us, that we cannot compete with 
Washington territory. 
There are a great many excellent roads in the mountainous 
districts of the state, but the general character of our high- 
ways is poor—muddy in winter and dusty in summer. Mac- 
adamized roads are few. Slowly we are getting railroads. 
There is one, twenty miles long, between Sacramento and 
Folsom; another, forty-five miles long, is being made from 
Folsom to Marysville; one has been commenced between Val- 
lejo and Marysville; and another is to be soon begun between 
San Francisco and San José. 
All our cotton and cotton goods are imported. There is 
not a cotton-carding machine, spinning-jenny, or loom, in the 
state. No linen is grown or manufactured here. All our fine 
woollen goods are imported. We have only two woollen-mills 
in the state, and they make only blankets and coarse cloths. 
Large quantities of leather are tanned in California, but it is 
allheavy. We tan no fine calfskin, morocco, or kid. Nearly 
all our boots and shoes for men’s wear, and all for women, are 
imported. There are small shops where men’s boots and shoes 
are made by the single pair to order after measure taken, and 
the customers in most cases are desirous of having a very ele- 
gant fit; but there are-no large factories to make boots by the 
thousand. 
We make no gunpowder, fire-works, fire-crackers, pitch, tar, 
or turpentine. It is said that our pine-trees do not contain the 
resinous sap to make turpentine, pitch, and rosin, and therefore 
we shall always have to import these articles. 
There are two paper-mills in California, one of which makes 
printing-paper and the other straw wrapping-paper. We still 
import much of our printing and wrapping paper, and all of 
