COMMERCH. 331 
reported at the custom-house, are taken away by passengers ; 
and in the amount of treasure reported by manifest for exporta- 
tion, the gold is not distinguished from the silver. The amount 
of treasure exported in 1861 was $40,639,089 57; and proba 
bly not more than $1,000,000 of silver is included in the sum. 
Of this treasure, $32,628,010 were sent to New York, $4,054,- 
436 to England, $3,525,325 to China, $338,536 to Panama, 
$58,220 to Japan, $12,459 to Honolulu, $9,000 to Manilla, $6,000 
to Singapore, and $7,100 to Mexico. As compared with pre- 
vious years, the export of treasure in 1861 shows a falling off 
from 1860 of $1,664,256; of $7,025,908 from 1859; $6,908,936 
from 1858; $8,337,608 from 1857; $8,247,454 from 1856; 
84,543,542 from 1855; $10,689,564 from 1854; $16,691,935 
from 1853; $5,947,055 from 1852; and $1,943,606 as com- 
pared with 1851. The total treasure export in 1850 was $27,- 
676,346, and $4,921,250 in 1849, as manifested at the custom- 
house. From 1848 to 1854, large sums were carried away by 
passengers. 
After the gold, in importance as an export, we may place 
silver; which, however, is not all produced within the borders 
of California, and which is surpassed in value by wheat. But 
as one of the permanent exports of San Francisco,.silver will 
undoubtedly have the next place to gold. The silver contained 
in the gold of California amounts to about $200,000 annually ; 
and that produced by Washoe may have amounted in 1861 to 
$2,500,000. Hitherto very little silver has been exported; but 
it Is accumulating so rapidly, and it is so inconvenient, in a 
country where so little small coin is used, that it must be sent 
away hereafter. It is already at a discount of two per cent. 
For several years past, California has exported large quan- 
tities of wheat, and flour. In 1861, we exported 1,350,783 
sacks of wheat and 170,562 barrels of flour, worth together 
$3,500,000. In 1860, the value was about $2,500,000; in 1859, 
about $1,100,000; in 1858, about $120,000; in 1857, about 
$70,000. However, we cannot expect that this ratio of in- 
crease can h3 maintained; we have now reached the summit, 
