SOCIETY. 361 
In the counties marked with asterisks the population is chiefly 
oceupied with. mining; and there is some mining in Sacra- 
mento, Yuba, Del Norte, Los Angeles, Buena Vista, and San 
Bernardino counties. Since the census was taken, the eastern 
part of Calaveras has been organized into Mono county, and 
the northern part of Napa into Lake county. 
§ 253. Nativities—In January, 1848, thirteen years ago, 
the total white population of California did not exceed 15,000 
in number, of whom two-thirds were Spanish American. Of 
the 340,000 present white inhabitants, therefore, 325,000 are 
immigrants or miners. Of the adult population not more than 
one in twenty is a native of the state. The migration has 
not been for a short distance. It was from one side of the 
world to the other—a long and for most an eventful journey. 
Of the children, about half were born in California. The aver- 
age time that the immigrants have spent in California may be 
six years. During the last twelve years not less than 250,000 
persons who had made their homes in California for a year or 
more, have left the state, and they are now scattered all over 
the civilized world. The Americans in California represent 
every state in the Union, and representatives from every state 
may be found in many of the counties taken separately. In 
the public schools of San Francisco during 1860, there were 
1,454 children born in the state of New York, 1,176 born in 
California, 667 from Massachusetts, 245 from Louisiana, 194 
from Pennsylvania, 149 from Maine, 72 from Missouri, 70 from 
Ohio, 61 from Maryland, 49 from Illinois, 47 from New Jer- 
sey, 46 from Rhode Island, 44 from Connecticut, 41 from 
New Hampshire, 36 from Kentucky, and a few from Vermont, 
Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, 
Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, 
Michigan, Indiana, Iowa, Wisconsin, Oregon, the District of 
Columbia, New Mexico, and Utah. Of foreign countries there 
were 214 from Germany, 150 from Australia, 121 from Eng- 
land, 77 from China, 54 from France, 51 from Ireland, 29 from 
Canada, 27 from Scotland, 25 from Chili, 16 from New Zea- 
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