SOCIETY. 399 
between 5 and 10 years, 1,831; 10 and 20 years, 3,198; 20 
and 30 years, 6,226; 30 and 40 years, 3,441; 40 and 50 years, 
1,119; 50 and 60 years, 484; 60 and 70 years, 122; 70 and 
80 years, 52; 80 and 90 years, 7. Total white females, 20,610. 
Chinese.—Males of all ages, 2,168; females do., 448. Total 
Chinese, 2,616. 
Colored.—Males of all ages, 711; females do., 435. Total 
colored, 1,146. 
Recapitulation—White males of all ages, 32,463; females 
do., 20,610. Total whites, 53,073; Chinese, male and female, 
2,616; colored, 1,146. 
San Francisco is the chief commercial and manufacturing 
city of this coast. The vessels which entered the port in 1860 
numbered 1,686, and had an aggregate measurement of 500,000 
tons. Of the 1,686 vessels, 325 were from foreign ports, 115 
from American ports on the Atlantic, 1,231 from American 
ports on the Pacific, and 15 were from whaling voyages. 
The first house was built in 1835, and the place was then 
called Yerba Buena, Spanish for “ good herb,” applied to a 
species of mint growing in the vicinity. In 1847 the name 
was changed to San Francisco. In 1846 the population was 
six hundred, and had grown to about one thousand in the 
spring of 1848, when the gold fever broke out. During July, 
August, and September, the town was deserted by many of its 
residents ; but as the people became impressed with the rich- 
ness and extent of the mines, and as adventurers began to 
arrive from abroad, the population of the town increased, and 
then suddenly it sprang from an obscure village to a world- 
famous city. In May and June, 1850, and in the same months 
the next year, great conflagrations swept away the wooden 
shanties with which the main part of the city was built up; 
and it was not until the latter half of 1851, that the citizens 
commenced to erect the numerous fine brick stores which 
now ornament the principal business streets. The sand ridges 
on the site of the city were cut down, and the hollows were 
filled in; and the shallow cove in front of the mainland was 
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