TOPOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 423 
reached it. Thus it is that nearly all the settlements made by 
or under the missionaries are sanctified. 
The male saints have “San,” the females ‘“ Santa” to pre- 
cede their Christian names, as in English we have “St.” 
Some uneducated Americans corrupt the “San” or “Santa” 
before certain Spanish names into “St.,” and say “St. Fran- 
cisco,” “St. Lucas ;” but the more intelligent Americans ad- 
here strictly to the Spanish spelling and pronunciation of 
topographical names. 
The Missions were all named from saints or sacred dogmas. 
There are San Miguel, San Gabriel, and San Rafael (from the 
three highest angels, Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael), 5an Juan 
Bautista and San Juan Capistrano (St. John the Baptist and 
St. John of Capistrano), San Francisco de Assisi and San 
Francisco de Solano, San Luis Rey and San Luis Obispo (St. 
Louis the king and St. Louis the bishop), San Carlos, Santa 
Clara, Santa Barbara, San José (St. Joseph), Santa Inez Vir- 
gen y Martyr (St. Inez the virgin and martyr), San Antonio 
de Padua (St. Anthony), San Fernando Rey (St. Ferdinand 
the king), San Buenaventura (St. Good Fortune), La Purisi- 
ma Concepcion (the Most Pure Conception), Nuestra Sefiora 
de Soledad (our Lady of Solitude), and Santa Cruz (the Holy 
Cross). 
Among the saints whose names are applied to places not 
missions, are San Pedro (Peter), San Pablo (Paul), San Mateo 
(Matthew), San Andres (Andrew), San Marcos (Mark), San 
Simeon, San Joaquin (Joachim), San Nicolas, San Clemente, 
San Lorenzo (Lawrence), San Leandro (Leander), San Pascual, 
San Ramon, San Felipe (Philip), San Cayetano (Cayetan), San- 
ta Marta (Martha), Santa Maria, Santa Paula (Pauline), Santa 
Rosa, Santa Isabel, Santa Margarita, Santa Catalina, Santa Su- 
sana, Santa Lucia, and Santa Gertrudis. Other Spanish sa- 
ered names, not derived from saints, are Trinidad (Trinity), 
Sacramento (Sacrament), Jesus Maria (Jesus the Son of Ma- 
ry), and Nuestra Sefiora La Reina de los Angeles (Our Lady 
the Queen of the Angels). 
