TOPOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 427 
word coined by Mr. Grote) of the places where they stopped, 
first called Murphy’s Camp, Angel’s Camp, and Carson’s Camp, 
now become permanent towns, which have discarded the 
“camp,” and assumed the titles, “ Murphy’s,” ‘“‘ Angel’s,” ete. 
It is better to drop the s and the apostrophe, as is sometimes 
done. ‘“ Yankee Jim’s Camp”—the surname of “Jim” was 
never known to the general public—is now simply Yankee 
Jim. Messrs. Downie, Weaver, and Heald were the respective 
eponyms of Downieville, Weaverville, and Healdsburg; and 
Folsom was named after the owners of the rancho on which it 
was laid out. The knowledge or supposition of rich diggings is 
indicated by some of the names of towns. For instance, Ophir, 
Gold Hill, Quartzburg, Placerville, Oroville, Rich Bar, and Tin 
Cup. Placerville was, in 1849, called Hangtown, because it was 
the first place where any person was hanged by Lynch law. 
Oroville is a compound of oro, the Spanish word for gold, and 
‘ville, the French word for city. Tin Cup was so named because 
the first miners there found the placers so rich that they measur- 
ed their gold in pint tin cups. Many of the bars and camps in 
the mining districts are named after the discoverers or first set- 
tlers. There are Scott’s Bar, Long’s Bar, Kelly’s Bar, Kanaka 
Bar, Negro Bar, Chinese Camp, etc. Other places are named 
from the native places of the first settlers, as Mississippi Bar, 
Ohio Bar, Iowa Hill, Michigan Bluffs, Ilinoistown, Alleghany- 
town, etc. Pine Log is so named because there was, in early 
times, at that place a pine log across the South Fork of the 
Stanislaus River, in such a position as to offer a very convenient 
crossing to miners. Some of the mining camps are named 
from tragic events which occurred there: thus there is a Mur- 
derer’s Bar, a Dead Man’s Bar, and a Dead Shot Flat. The 
following is a list of some curious names of mining localities: 
Jim Crow Cafion, Happy Valley, Ground-Hog’s Glory, 
Red Dog, Hell’s Delight, Bogus Thunder, 
Jackass Gulch, Devil’s Basin, Last Chance, 
Ladies’ Cafion, Dead Wood, Greenhorn Caiion, 
Miller’s Defeat, Gouge Eye, Shanghai Hill, 
Loafer Hill, Puko Ravine, Shirttail Cafion, 
