APPENDIX. 479 
by Oregon and the Pacific ocean. The boundary-line, start- 
ing from the intersection of the forty-ninth parallel with the 
shore of the Gulf of Georgia, runs due east to the summit 
of the Rocky mountains, the line of which it follows gener- 
ally southeast to latityde 43°, longitude 110° ; thence due south 
to latitude 42°; thence due west to a point due south of the 
mouth of the Owhyhee River, longitude 117°; thence north to 
the mouth of that river, and with the Snake river to the point 
where the stream is crossed by the forty-sixth parallel; with 
that parallel west to the Columbia, and with that river to the 
ocean; with the shore of the ocean north to the straits of Fuca; 
thence east with the shore of the straits and northeast through 
vne middle of the channel of the Gulf of Georgia to the place 
of beginning. There is a dispute between the United States 
and Great Britain about the boundary in the Gulf of Georgia. 
The American government claims that the “channel” meant 
by the treaty of 1846 is the channel then chiefly if not ex- 
clusively used by shipping, namely, the westernmost chan- 
nel; whereas the British government claims that Rosario chan- 
nel, east of the islands of San Juan or Bellevue, Orcus, and 
Lopez, and several others of minor importance, is the boun- 
dary. The total amount of land in dispute is about one hun- 
dred and twenty thousand acres, valuable for tillage, and 
perhaps for the protection or prevention of smuggling, but of 
no use for military or legitimate commercial purposes. The 
Territory is five hundred and fifty miles from east to west, in 
latitude 48°, four hundred and eighty miles from north to 
south, in longitude 114°, and eight hundred and forty miles 
across from the northwest to the southeast corner. Area, 
about two hundred thousand square miles; population in 1860, 
eleven thousand five hundred and ninety-four, of whom four 
hundred and twenty-six were civilized Indians, and eight thou- 
sand four hundred and forty-six were males and three thou- 
sand one hundred*and forty-eight were females. The wild In- 
dians are variously estimated at ten thousand to thirty thousand. 
There are twenty-two organized counties, viz.: Chehalis, Clal- 
lam, Clark, Cowlitz, Island, Jefferson, King, Kitsap, Klickatat, 
