486 APPENDIX. 
ington, portions of ranges which are also observed in other 
parts of the continent: the Coast, Cascade, and Rocky Moun- 
tains. The Coast range extends from Cape San Lucas to the 
Straits of Fuca. Near the Columbia River the range is low or 
imperceptible, but west of Hood’s canal it rises in wide and 
high ridges called the Olympian Mountains, in some places 
eight thousand feet high. The Cascade range, a continuation 
of the Sierra Nevada of California, is in Washington six 
thousand feet high, and runs parallel with the coast, one 
hundred miles distant from it. The ridge is a very important 
one, for it divides the Territory, and indeed the coast, for a 
distance of fifteen degrees, into districts entirely different 
from each other in climate, soil, geological character, and 
vegetable and animal productions. Four high snow peaks 
rise in the range. Mount Baker, in latitude 48° 45’, is 
eleven thousand nine hundred feet high, and an active vol- 
cano. It frequently emits black smoke, and sometimes shows 
alight at night, but no eruption of lava has been observed by 
whitemen. Mount Rainier (formerly spelled Regnier), in lat- 
itude 46° 40’, is twelve thousand three hundred and thirty feet 
high, has two summits about four miles apart, and is an ex- 
tinct volcano. Mount St. Helen’s, in latitude 46° 20’, is nine 
thousand five hundred and fifty feet high, and almost extinct 
as a volcano; the only sign of fire in its bosom is a thin 
stream of white, steam-like smoke which ascends from its sum- 
mit almost constantly. Mount Adams, forty miles eastward 
from St. Helen’s, is nine thousand feet high, and is an extinct 
voleano. In the Rocky Mountains, along the eastern boun- 
dary of the Territory, there are many high peaks, the most re- 
markable of which is Fremont’s peak, in latitude 43°, thirteen 
thousand five hundred and seventy feet high. About forty 
miles to the westward of this peak are three peaks called the 
Three Tetons; and eighty miles farther west are the Three 
Buttes.. Many spurs of the Rocky Mountains run down into 
the Territory, among the most important of which are’ the 
Salmon River Mountains.—Most of the tillable land of Wash- 
