APPENDIX, 491 
along Puget Sound, especially those engaged in lumbering, 
are mostly natives of the New England States, and went to 
the Territory by sea. Those in the central, southern, and 
eastern districts are generally natives of the Western States, 
whence they went overland. At French Prairie, near the 
bend of the Cowlitz River, and in Mill Creek Valley, there are 
a number of Canadian Frenchmen, who were formerly 
hunters, trappers, and employés of the Hudson’s Bay Com- 
pany. Many of them have married Indian wives. Within 
twenty years, nearly or quite twenty thousand Indians had 
their homes on the banks of Puget Sound and Hood’s canal; 
but the white settlers have made war upon them, and strong 
liquor and hereditary and infectious diseases have proved 
still more destructive than open war and private quarrel. 
It is doubtful whether five thousand now remain. The 
tribes, which.a few years since were separated by animosi- 
ties and diversities of language, customs, and traditions, 
have lost much of their distinctive character: many of 
them have disappeared entirely, the individual members 
having either died out, migrated to new homes, or fused 
with the remnants of other tribes. Similar processes. of 
extinction have been at work in many parts of the United 
States, but nowhere with so much rapidity, and with such fair 
opportunities for observing all their stages, as in the American 
States on the Pacific. The principal tribes now existing in 
the western part of the Territory are the Clalms (or Clallams), 
on the shore of the Straits of Fuca; the Quiniults, in the basin 
of the Quiniult River, which runs southwest from the Olympian 
Mountains; the Cape Flattery Indians; the Chehalis Indians, 
who reside along the stream of that name and about Gray’s har- 
bor; the Shoalwater Bay Indians; the Squamish, Nisqually, 
Snoqualmie, Stolukwamish, and Skaget tribes; and the Belling- 
ham Bay Indians. Most of the tribes which still preserve dis- 
tinct names are called from the streams in the basins of which 
they live, and in many cases the streams were named from the 
adjacent tribes, East of the Cascade Mountains, the red men 
