160 Retrograde Varieties 



Paper bags also may be made use of. Tbey 

 are slipped over the flowering branches, and 

 bound together around the twigs, thus enclosing 

 the flowers. It is necessary to use prepared 

 papers, in order that they may resist rain 

 and wind. The best sort, and the one that I 

 use almost exclusively in my fertilization-ex- 

 periments, is made of parchment-paper. This 

 is a wood-pulp preparation, freed artificially 

 from the so-called wood-substance or lignin. 

 Having covered the flowers with care, and 

 having gathered the seeds free from inter- 

 mixtures and if possible separately for each 

 single individual, it only remains to sow them 

 in quantities that will yield the greatest pos- 

 sible number of individuals. Reversions are 

 supposed to be rare and small groups of seed- 

 lings of course would not suffice to bring them 

 to light. Only sowings of many hundreds or 

 thousands of individuals are decisive. Such 

 sowings can be made in one year, or can 

 be extended over a series of years and of gen- 

 erations. Hildebrand and Hoffman have pre- 

 ferred the last method, and so did Hof- 

 meister and many others. Hildebrand sowed 

 the white hyacinth, and the white varieties of 

 the larkspur, the stock and the sweet pea. Hoff- 

 man cultivated the white flax and many other 

 varieties and Hofmeister extended his sowings 



