THE WONDERS OF LIFE 



cells in the flesh, work with the same forms of energy, 

 and are similarly subject to the law of substance. Hence 

 it is immaterial for the moment whether one believes in 

 the freedom of the will according to the antiquated 

 creed of indeterminism, or whether one holds it to be 

 refuted scientifically by the arguments of modern de- 

 terminists; in either case the acts of the will and vol- 

 untary movements follow the same laws in man as in 

 the ape. The high development of the function in civ- 

 ilized man, the ample differentiation of speech and mo- 

 rality, art and science — in a word, the ethical significance 

 of the will for higher culture — is in no way discordant 

 to this monistic and zoologically grounded conception. 

 In the lower races these privileges of the civilized will 

 are only found in a slight degree, and some of them are 

 wholly wanting among the lowest races. The distance 

 between the lowest savage and the most civilized human 

 being is greater, in this respect also, than that which 

 separates the savage from the anthropoid ape. How- 

 ever, I refer the reader to the remarks I made at the 

 close of the seventh chapter of the Riddle on the prob- 

 lem of the freedom of the will and the infinite literature 

 relating thereto. The reader who desires to go further 

 into this subject will find it well treated in the works 

 of Traugott Trunk (1902) and Paul Rde (1903) [also in 

 Dr. Stout's recent little manual of psychology and Mr. 

 W. H. Mallock's Religion as a Credible Doctrine]. 



