DUALISM 



In thus uniting sensation with force and matter as an 

 attribute of substance, we form a monistic trinity, and 

 are in a position to do away with the antitheses that are 

 rigidly maintained by dualists between the psychic and 

 the physical, or the material and the immaterial world. 

 Of the three great monistic systems materialism lays 

 too narrow a stress on the attribute of matter, and 

 would trace all the phenomena of the universe to the 

 mechanics of the atoms or to the movements of their 

 ultimate particles. Spiritualism, with equal narrow- 

 ness, builds on the attribute of energy; it would either 

 explain all phenomena by motor forces or forms of 

 energy (energism), or reduce them to psychic functions, 

 to sensation or psychic action (panpsychism). Our 

 system of hylonism (or hylozoism) avoids the faults of 

 both extremes, and affirms the identity of the psyche 

 and the physis in the sense of Spinoza and Goethe. It 

 meets the difficulties of the older theory of identity by 

 dividing the attribute of thought (or energy) into two 

 co-ordinate attributes, sensation (psychoma) and move- 

 ment (mechanics). 



