MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS. 9 



TINCTURJB— Tinctures.— (71 official). Alcoholic solu- 

 tions of medicinal substances, all except Tr. Iodine being from 

 non-volatile bodies, in a few cases Aromatic Spts. of Ammonia is 

 used as a solvent, then they are known as ammoniated tinctures. 



Spts. ether and spts. nit. aeth. are also u?ed as a solvent; 

 they are then known as sethereal tinctures. The spts. of nitrous 

 ether is not used in official tinctures. 



Thus we have alcoholic, ethereal and ammoniated tinctures. 

 , Tinctures vary in strength from 0.4 (Paregoric) to 50 per 

 cent (Tr. L,actucarii), the majority range in strength, from 5 to 

 20 per cent, of the active ingredient. 



Spirits are all made from volatile drugs. Tinctures from 

 non-volatile drugs. 



On account of the large percentage of volatile solvent, tinc- 

 tures should be kept well stoppered, and away from sunlight, 

 and should not be kept too long, as from evaporation they may 

 become concentrated to a dangerous strength. 



Tincturse Herbarum Recentium. — Tr. of fresh herbs. This 

 is a title of a general formula given in the U. S. P. for the 

 preparation of green tinctures, 50 parts of the fresh herbs are 

 to be bruised, crushed or macerated in 100 parts of alcohol for 

 14 days, then expressed and filtered; this form of trs. are not 

 recommended on account of their variation in strength. 



TRITURATION BS— Triturations.— (1 official). Finely 

 comminuted powder composed of one part medicine to 9 parts 

 sugar of milk, as a diluent. (General formula) only one official; 

 Trituratio Elaterini. 



TROCHISCI— Troches— (15 official). Also called Pastiles, 

 Tablets or Lozenges, these may vary in shape, they are small 

 flattened cakes of medicinal substances incorporated with Sugar, 

 Mucilage of Tragacanth, etc., to give bulk, consistency, and dilu- 

 tion. They are intended for slow solution in the mouth for direct 

 or indirect medication to mucous membrane of mouth, throat, etc. 



UNGUENTA— Ointments.— {22, official). Soft, fatty prep- 

 arations of medicinal agents, with a basis of lard, benzoated lard 

 petroleum or vaseline, or fixed oils, intended for application to 

 the skin, for either local or constitutional effect. They are made so 

 as to easily melt at the temperature of the body. 



