•(/■ 



14 SYNOPSIS OF VETERINARY 



is used for parturient apoplexy. Saline injections are used for 

 pernicious- anaemia and collapse, also alkaloids where very rapid 

 effect is desired. 



Use aqua ammonia for snake bites, prussic acid poison, opium 

 narcosis, chloroform asphyxia, etc. (The Jugular Vein is usually 

 chosen.) 



Subcutaneous Cellular Tissues. — Hypodermatic injection is 

 the proper term and is the method most commonly used. 



Use distilled water in hypodermic injections ; keep instrument 

 clean, and medicine should be neutral or nearly so, so as not to 

 coagulate the blood. Do not keep the solution too long, as alka- 

 loidal solutions rapidly decompose. 



Parenchymatous Injections. — Injections to be deep in the 

 tissues, either for a muscle itself or an important nerve trunk ; 

 use strychnine for paralyzed muscle, chloroform for sciatic neu- 

 ralgia, cocaine for local anaesthesia. 



Integument or Skin. — Four methods. 



1. Enepidermatic or Enepidermic. 



2. Epidermatic or Epidermic. 



3. Endermatic or Endermic methods. 



4. Inoculation. 



Enepidermatic Method. — Medicine placed and kept in con- 

 tact with the skin, no friction used to hasten penetration. Solu- 

 tions of alkaloids in oleic acid and chloroform, pass by osmosis 

 in this manner with ease, but aqueous solutions act very slowly, 

 and alcoholic solutions hardly at all. 



Epidermatic Method. — Friction is used to promote the pas- 

 sage of medicaments between cells of the epidermis; mercurial 

 ointment, the oleates, salves, etc., are used in this way for local 

 and systemic effects. 



Endermatic Method. — Cuticle is removed to make absorption 

 easier, by blistering, then medicament is powdered over the de- 

 nuded surface (derma). 



METHODS OF ADMINISTERING MEDICINES:— 



Drenching horses, bit, bottle, rope, syringe. 



Drenching cattle. 



Drenching dogs. 



Administer anaesthetics in feedbag or proper inhaler. 



