28 SYNOPSIS OJ? VETERINARY 



remove reflex paralysis and throw off effete material. To relieve 

 and attract blood from other parts, as in congestion of the brain 

 and liver, to lower blood pressure, and relieve congested vessels 

 in general. 



Saline purgatives are used to relieve dropsical conditions, 

 as ascites, hydro-thorax and general oedema. 



Regarding purgatives in general fbr different animals; for 

 horses the following prescription is a type of the most common 

 form: 



" Pulv. Aloe barb. 5 vj to viij. 



Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis 3 j. 



Pulv. Nuc. vomicae 3 i. 



Pulv. Gentian rad. 3 ij. 



Pulv. Zingiber. 3 ij. 

 M. Ft. Bolus. No. i. 



For cattle, use sulphate of magnesia or soda and croton oil 

 with Tr. Ginger. For pigs use epsom salts, 3 to 4 ozs. For dogs 

 use buckthorn, castor-oil, senna, etc. 



Carminatives. — Aid in the expulsion of gas from the intes- 

 tines and stomach, by increasing peristalsis, stimulating circula- 

 tion, etc. The leading carminatives are capsicum, ginger, oils of 

 peppermint and cinnamon, aromatic spirits of ammonia, etc. 



Intestinal Astringents. — Contract the vessels, diminish the 

 exudation therefrom, thereby lessening the fluidity of the faecal 

 discharges. They are used to overcome diarrhoea and act in 

 different ways. 



1. Some, like opium, lessen excessive peristalsis. 



2. Some, like the ant-acids neutralize the acids which pro- 

 voke excessive peristalsis and secretion. 



3. Some, like salol, creosote, naphthalin or other antiseptics 

 and antiferments check fermentation and putrefaction and thus 

 arrest the formation of irritants. 



4. Others, like tannin, or substances containing tannin, 

 coagulate albumen, and consequently dry up both discharge of 

 mucus and blood. 



5. Others, like sulphate of iron and copper, conjoin anti- 

 septic and astringent actions. 



6. Mineral acids, metallic salts, etc., act as tonics and are 

 indicated when bowels are in a relaxed and flabby condition. 



