MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS. 47 



Effects of Cold Water. — Cold water abstracts heat from the 

 surface of the body and affects the condition of the internal or- 

 gans through the nervous system. 



Cold water first contracts then dilates the blood vessels. 



Effects of Warm Water, Externally. — Dilates blood vessels 

 and diminishes the tension, soothes irritable nerves by a direct 

 action, also by removing the blood pressure. 



SUMMARY.— Water internally, is: 



i. Stimulant; 2, restorative; 3, diuretic; 4, diaphoretic; 5, 

 diluent ; 6, antipyretic ; 7, laxative ; 8, In vomiting animals, warm 

 water is an emetic. 



Externally. — Cold water is 



1. Astringent ; 2. Stimulant; 3. Antiphlogistic. 



Externally. — Hot water is anodyne, very hot is a styptic, re- 

 moves congestion and pain by increased flow of blood, which it 

 does by dilating capillaries and other blood vessels. 



Methods of Applying Water. — Sponging, fomentations, wet 

 pack, soaking tub, sweat bandage, etc. 



Therapy. — 1, For sprains use hot water; 2, bruises, hot; 3, 

 cleansing wounds, "hot; 4, azoturia, hot; 5, congestion of kidneys; 

 hot ; 6, brain trouble, hot and cold alternately ; 7, metritis, hot ; 8, 

 haemorrhage or strangulated hernia, ice water ; 9, for rectal ene- 

 mas or injections, always use warm water ; 10, laminitis, use hot 

 and cold water alternately to stimulate the circulation, as the 

 cold water contracts and the hot water dilates, consequently will 

 relieve the foot of the congested blood, and follow with hot poul- 

 tices of flax seed meal; 11, nail wounds in the foot should always 

 be soaked in hot antiseptic water, as hot as the animal can bear, 

 and then follow with an antiseptic poultice; 12, hot wet blankets 

 for bowel and chest troubles ; 13, for uterine haemorrhage, ice 

 water in the uterus and over the loins ; 14, for thermic fever, cold 

 water over head and neck and occasionally over entire body. 



DIGESTIVE FERMENTS. 



PEPSIN A — Pepsin. — A digestive ferment obtained from the 

 pig's stomach. 



Properties. — A fine white or yelldwish white amorphous 

 (formless) powder, or pale yellowish or yellowish transparent 



