MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS. 83 



CINCHONA AND ITS PREPARATIONS. 



Cinchona is the bark of a tree, the Cinchona Calisaya, and 

 contains at least 5 per cent of its peculiar alkaloids, of which not 

 less than one-half should be quinine. 



Doses of powdered cinchona bark. — Horses, 2 drs. to 1 oz. ; 

 cattle, 1 to 2 ounces ; sheep and pigs, 1 to 4 drs. ; dogs, 10 grs. to 

 1 dr. 



PREPARATIONS OF CINCHONA. 



oe cinchona feava — Yellow Cinchona. — This contains the 

 most quinine. 



Extractum cinchonae — Dose. — Horse, J / 2 dr. to 2 drs. ; 

 dogs, 2 to 10 grs. 



Extractum cinchonae fluidum — Dose. — Horse, 2 drs. to 

 - oz. ; dogs, 10 ms. to 1 dr. 



There is also a tincture and infusion, but the dose is too large 

 for our use. . 



of cinchona rubra — Red Cinchona — Preparation, Tinctura 

 Cinchonx. Composita. — Dose. Human, 1 to 4 drs. ; dogs, about 

 the same; dose too large for horses and cattle. 



Composition. — Cinchona contains 4 principal alkaloids, and 

 some 20 odd isomeric or synthetic alkaloids, even 40 are men- 

 tioned, besides it contains 2 simple acids, , and 2 tannic acids ; 

 the most important alkaloid is quinine, which is most abundant 

 in the yellow bark. Red cinchona contains the most tannin. 

 The 4 chief alkaloids are quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and 

 cinchonidine. 



aekaeoids oE cinchona. 



quininae suephas — Sulphate of Quinine. — Occurs in 

 white, silky, light and fine needle shaped crystals, soluble in 

 740 parts cold water and 30 of boiling water, and 65 parts of 

 alcohol. Very soluble in acidulated water, especially sul- 

 phuric acid greatly increases its solvency ; 1 minim of the dilute 

 sulphuric acid for each grain of quinine. 



Dose. — Horse, 15 grs. to 2 drs.; colts, 5 grs. to }4 dr.; 

 cattle, y 2 dr. to J4 oz. ; calves, 20 grs. to 2 drs. ; sheep, 20 grs. 

 to 1 dr.; lambs, 1 to 20 grs.; dogs, y 2 to 5 grs. Don't repeat 

 oftener than every 3 hours. 



