MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS. 187 



8. Ether can be used almost pure, only a little air being 

 necessarily allowed for dilution ; chloroform must have a large 

 amount of air. 



9. The head should be slightly raised, and watch the tongue 

 so that it does not fall back over the larynx and suffocate the 

 animal. 



10. Start anaesthesia slowly, don't force either drug. 



11. With chloroform, start by applying to one nostril only. 



12. Maintain no cramped or awkward position ; and use no 

 bindings when possible to avoid. If bindings are used remove 

 as soon as the animal is unconscious. 



13. Keep a clear head and a steady nerve, have on hand a 

 good working hypodermic syringe ; brandy or nitro-glycerin and 

 amyl nitrite or aq. ammonia fort, should be kept in readiness; if 

 breathing becomes very weak or stops, artificial respiration should 

 be commenced at once and the tongue pulled well forward to allow 

 free entrance of air, strike the body sharply with cloths or hands 

 to stimulate the circulation. Brandy, atropine or spts. glonoin 

 may be injected hypodermically and the ammonia or amyl nitrite 

 inhaled ; maintain warmth and try dilation of the anus and saline 

 injections as recommended in human practice. Small animals 

 should be swung head downwards a few times to empty the heart 

 and cause blood to flow to the head. 



14. Have all restoratives ready for use, before commencing 

 anesthesia. 



CHLORAL. 



Synonyms. — Hydrate of Chloral — Chloral Hydrate. 



Occurs in separate rhomboidal, colorless and transparent 

 crystals, slowly evaporating when exposed to the air, having an 

 aromatic, penetrating and slightly acrid odor, bitter, caustic taste 

 and neutral reaction, freely soluble in alcohol, water or ether, also 

 in fixed and volatile oils ; it liquifies when mixed with carbolic 

 acid and camphor. A solution of chloral hydrate should not be 

 kept on hand long as it is transformed into chloroform ; it should 

 always be administered well diluted. 



Dose. — Horse, ]/ 2 to i oz., up to 2 ozs., according to effect 



