I* 



l88 SYNOPSIS OF VETERINARY 



desired ; cattle, y 2 to 2 ozs. ; pigs, >4 to i dr. ; sheep, I to 2 drs. ; 

 dogs, 3 to 20 grs. 



Antagonists and Incompatibles. — Alcohol, ammonia, atro- 

 pine and other stimulants, to combat its depression on the heart 

 and respiration ; strychnine is also antagonistic ; all alkaline agents 

 decompose it into chloroform. 



Synergists. — Are the hypnotic drugs, notably opium and the 

 anaesthetics ; these deepen the effect of chloral when used at the 

 same time. 



Physiological Actions. — Locally it is an irritant, antiseptic 

 and stimulant ; when absorbed it has a primary stimulating effect 

 and a secondary sedative action on the circulation and central 

 nervous system. Toxic doses after slight and temporary stimula- 

 tion notably depress and paralyze the cerebro-spinal centers. 



Medicinal Doses. — Are hypnotic, analgesic, feebly anaesthetic, 

 antispasmodic, and prevent coagulation of fibrin ; it is more 

 hypnotic than chloroform and less anaesthetic ; used hypodermic- 

 ally it produces extensive sloughing of tissues; large doses and 

 strong solutions may cause gastritis ; on the brain it produces 

 anaemia ; moderate doses contract the pupils, dangerous doses di- 

 late them. Should be dissolved in ten or twelve times its bulk of 

 water. 



Toxicology. — Large doses (4 ounces and up for the horse 

 or 1 or 2 drachms up in the dog) produce insensibility, coma and 

 complete loss of muscular power, so that the animal falls. 



There is general anaesthesia, dilatation of the pupils -itid a 

 weak pulse, frequent at first, but later becomes infrequent and 

 irregular. 



The respiration may be primarily quickened but later becomes 

 slow, shallow and irregular. 



The animal sweats, (except the dog) the sphincters become 

 relaxed and involutary micturition and defaecation may occur. 



Antidotes.— Empty the stomach, apply heat, arouse the pa- 

 tient by striking sharply but not severely with a whip or damp 

 towel and keep them moving as soon as possible. 



Amyl nitrite or aq. ammon. fort, by inhalation, large doses 

 of strychnine and atropine hypodermatically. 



Spts. Glonoin on the tongue or subcutaneausly. 



