MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS. 193 



morphinaE sulphas. — Occurs in feathery crystals, soluble 

 in 21 parts of water and £4 parts of boiling water ; contains about 

 80 per cenr of morphine and is the form most used. 



Doses. — Horses 2 to 10 grs. by the mouth ; hypodermically 

 for full sized horses, 3 to 6 grs., but 4 grs. is generally sufficient 

 and not apt to constipate ; cattle, 5 to 10 grs. ; pigs, ^ to Yz 

 gr. ; sheep, l /z to- 2 grs.; dogs, -f s to J gr. About one-half 

 of these doses for hypodermic uses. 



CODEina — Codeine. — This occurs in white or yellowish white 

 prisms, soluble in 80 parts water at 6o° F., in 17 parts boiling 

 water, in 3 parts of alcohol and in 2 parts of chloroform. 



There is a Phosphate of Codeinsz which is sufficiently solu- 

 ble for hypodermic use, 1 in 20 of water is the usual solution. 



Dose of Codeinse about three times that of morphine ; dogs, 

 M to 2 grs. 



Antagonists and Incompatibles. — As regards chemical antag- 

 onism, the alkaline carbonates, lime-water, and salts of iron, 

 lead, copper, zinc, mercury, and Fowler's Solution are incompat- 

 ible with the preparations of opium ; notwithstanding this chem- 

 ical incompatibility, the metallic salts are frequently given in con- 

 junction with opium and the systerric effects, of both are pro- 

 duced ; astringent vegetables (tannin) are also incompatible; they 

 limit the physiological activity by forming tannate of morphine, 

 which is not readily soluble. 



In Case of Poisoning. — Emetics, stomach pump, permanga- 

 nate of potash, grain for grain of morphine; or 10 to 15 grains 

 dissolved in 8 ounces of water, given by the mouth for large dogs 

 and 1 to 2 drachms of potassium permanganate in 2 or 3 pints 

 of water for horses, (this is only of value when given by the 

 mouth.) Artificial respiration, striking the body, keep patient 

 moving, empty bladder to prevent reabsorption Morphine can 

 be detected in the urine ; three very small doses of atropia sulphate 

 administered 15 minutes apart may be given to act as a physiolog- 

 ical antidote ; give about ^ to }& of a grain to a horse, if small 

 horse, make the dose smaller ; dogs, -jjV gr. Strong coffee is 

 a good antidote. 



Synergists. — The cerebral and hypnotic effects are promoted 

 by alcohol and its derivatives (notably chloral), and within cer- 



