56 TIMBERS AND THEIR USES 



introduced into this country. The most im- 

 portant source of turpentine in the world. 

 Sargent says, " Invaded from every direction 

 by the axe, a prey to fires, which weaken the 

 mature trees and destroy the tender saplings, 

 wasted by the pasturage of domestic animals, 

 and destroyed for the doubtful profits of the 

 turpentine industry, the forests appear hope- 

 lessly doomed to lose their commercial import 

 ance at no distant date." A fine, smooth, 

 compact wood. Durable and strong. Heart- 

 wood alternately banded with reddish and 

 brownish bands, sapwood pale yellow. 



PiNEY, Varnish, Valeria indica, also known 

 as White Dammar and Indian Copal, occurs in 

 Ceylon and South India. A tough, hard wood 

 with a grey heart and a pinkish sapwood. Copal 

 is obtained from this tree. 



Quassia, Picranea excelsa, also known as 

 Bitter wood. Bitter Ash, occurs in Brazil, Guiana 

 and the West Indies. A fine, open-grained, 

 lustrous wood. Yellowish white, a sapwood 

 tree. Used in medicine as a tonic, also in 

 horticulture as an insecticide. 



Quinine, Cincona calisaya, also known as 

 Jesuit's Bark, Calisaya Tree, Peruvian Bark, 

 Cinchona, Cinchona Bark, occurs in the Andes. 

 A small tree from the bark of which quinine is 

 obtained. 



