124 TIMBERS AND THEIR USES 



which, are damaged at this stage. Later in life 

 they spread over the tree and cause more wide- 

 spread damage. 



The Winter Moth, Cheimitohia hrumata, and 

 the Mottled Umber Moth, Hybernaria defoUaria, 

 are both highly injurious to forest trees. The 

 former is known as the Winter Moth, because 

 the adults appear about November. The almost 

 wingless females deposit their eggs upon the 

 leaves of many species of trees, but especially 

 Lime, Sycamore, Wych Elm and various fruit 

 trees. The Mottled Umber Moth appears rather 

 earher in the year, about October, and the 

 wingless female oviposits upon the fohage of 

 Sycamore, Oak, Hazel and Hornbeam principally. 

 The destructive habits of the larvae have earned 

 the moth the scientific name defoUaria. 



There is a large family of small moths known 

 as TortricidcB or leaf rollers ; they not only feed 

 upon the fohage of various trees, but they roU 

 the leaves or cripple the young shoots of the 

 plants upon which they Uve. Of these moths, 

 one of the most notorious is the Green Tortrix, 

 a particular pest of the Oak, though not averse 

 to Ash, Mountain Ash, Hazel, Lime, Beech and 

 Maple. The eggs do not hatch during the same 

 year as they are laid. The adults appear about 

 June, and shortly afterwards the females deposit 

 their eggs on the tree which seems to them the 



