164 TIMBERS AND THEIR USES 



Silver Fir, Pine and Larch are used, also tlie 

 imported Pitch Pine, Deals and White Pine. 

 For staircases, Oak, Beech, Ash, and for cheaper 

 work. Pine ; for wainscotting, Oak, Pine and 

 Larch ; for furniture. Oak, Ash, Beech, Elm and 

 Birch and the imported Oak, American Ash, 

 Walnut, Mahogany, Maple, Cherry and Rose- 

 wood ; for bridges, etc., Oak, Larch and Northern 

 Pine. 



For wheels, naves and hubs are made of Elm, 

 Oak and Ash ; spokes, of Oak and Ash or of 

 American Oak and Hickory ; carriage poles, of 

 Birch, Ash and Oak ; shafts, of Ash, the best 

 being American Ash, and Lancewood ; carriage 

 bodies, of Oak, Ash and Beech, and the panels 

 of Lime and Poplar. In railway carriage work, 

 the frames are made of Oak and Ash ; roof ribs, 

 of Elm, Ash and Northern Pine ; panel work, of 

 Pine, including Pitch Pine, Poplar, Maple, Ash, 

 Mahogany, Teak and Walnut. For the frames 

 of trucks. New South Wales Tallow Wood and 

 Ironbark have been much used. Larch and 

 Northern Pine are used for sleepers. Oak is too 

 valuable for this purpose. As a rule, wood used 

 for such purposes is injected with antiseptics, 

 usually creosote or zinc chloride, to render it 

 more durable. Recently, Jarrah and Ironbark 

 have been used with success ; these woods have 

 a useful life of twenty-five to thirty-five years 



