186 TIMBERS AND THEIR USES 



then comes up for his first examination. He 

 must produce his plans and field notes of a plot 

 surveyed, and a level run, and also a timber 

 map covering an area of at least 1,235 acres. 

 The examination includes, under forestry, a 

 thorough knowledge of the general principles 

 of sylviculture, working plans, calculation of the 

 volume and yield of standing timber, the capital 

 and sale value of timber, utilization of forest 

 material, forest technology, protection and poHce 

 work, forest history and literature. The other 

 subjects are mathematics, botany, zoology, 

 mineralogy, -chemistry, physics and law. After 

 passing this examination, the candidate, who is 

 now known as a referender, must devote two 

 years to the study of forestry practice in various 

 districts. During this period he is required to 

 keep a complete diary of his work and observa- 

 tions, which must be certified by the district 

 forester, and forms part of his final exaroination. 

 Nine months of his time is spent in the regular 

 discharge of a forester's duties, and part of his 

 time he carries out the duties of a district 

 forester. The last course is that of law at a 

 university, and this may extend over two years. 

 At length he presents himself for the final 

 examination, a searching ordeal which lasts from 

 eight to ten days and is carried out partly in the 

 forest. The successful candidate becomes a 



