TABLE OF CONTENTS 



INTRODUCTION 



Bacteriology and Microbiology, i ; Biological relationships, 3 ; Spontaneous genera- 

 tion, 3; Heterogenesis, 4; Systematic relationshifjs, $■ Fermentation and Putre- 

 faction, 5; Specific fermentations, 6;Pathology and Hygiene, 7; Contagion, 8; 

 Specific infection, 10; Antisepsis, 11; Proof of the germ theory, ii; Immunity, 

 12; Parasitic protozoa, 12; Insect transmission, 13; Pathogenic spirochetes, 13; 

 Filterable viruses, 13; Agriculture, 14; Biological view-point in the study of 

 micro-organisms, 14. ' 



PART I. BACTERIOLOGICAL TECHNIC 

 Chapter I. — The Microscope and Microscopic Methods 



Development of the microscope, 15; Lenses, 15; Achromatic and apochromatic 

 objectives, 15; Ultra-microscope and dark-field microscopy, 16; Tandem micro- 

 scope, 16; Principle of the microscope, 16 ; Pin-point aperture, 16; Relations of 

 magnification, definition and brilliancy of image, 16; Lens-armed aperture, 17; 

 Two lenses in series, 18; Magnification measured by the ratio of the opening 

 and closing angles of a beam, 19; Simple microscope, 19; Reading glass, 19; 

 Spherical aberration, 20; Xllhromatic aberration, 20; Diffraction, 20; Image 

 formation in compound microscope, 22; Numerical aperture, 23; Illumination 

 by the Abbe condenser, 24; Central illumination, 24; Dark-field, 25; Illumina- 

 tion by broad converging beam, 25; Visibility of microscopic objects, 25 ; Defini- 

 tion by light and shade, 26; The color picture, 28; The Bacteriological micro- 

 scope, 29 ; Eye-pieces and objectives, 30; Use of the microscope, 31 ; Microscopic 

 measurements, 31; The platinum wire, 32 ; Pasteur pipettes, 33 ; The hanging- 

 drop, 34; Motility of micro-organisms, 35; Brownian motion, 35; Hanging- 

 block, 35 ; Slide for dark-field study, 36 ; Use of dark-field, 36; Smear prepara- 

 tions, 37; Cover-glasses, 37; Technic, 37; Slide smears, 39; Staining solutions, 

 40 ; Aniline stains, 40; Method of simple staining, 44 ; Gram's stain, 45 ; Acid- 

 proof staining, 47; Sputum staining, 47; Spore staining, 51 ; Capsule stain, 52 ; 

 Staining of flagella, 52 ; Wet fixation, 54 ; Iron hematoxylin, 54 ; Blood films, 55 ; 

 Staining of tissue sections, SS; Celloidin, 55; Paraffin, 56; Sectioning, 57; 

 Simple staining, 58; Gram-Weigert method, 59; Tubercle bacilli, 60; Nuclear 

 stains, 61. 



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