340 



SPECIFIC MICRO-ORGANISMS 



Fig. 135. — Friedlan- 

 der's pneumobacillus; gel- 

 atin stab culture, show- 

 ing the typical nail-head 

 appearance and the for- 

 mation of gas bubbles, not 

 always present. (From. 

 McFarland after Curtis.) 



capsulated and its colonies are thicker and 

 less spreading. In other respects it does 

 not differ materially from B. coli and many 

 authorities regard it as a variety of this 

 species. B. aerogenes was found by 

 Escherich in the upper part of the small 

 intestine. It is comihonly present in or- 

 dinary cow's rnilk and has been found in 

 the urine in cystitis^ and pyeUtis. 



Bacillus (Bacterium) Pneumoniae.— 

 This organism was obtained by Fried- 

 laender in 1883 on gelatin plates inocu- 

 lated with material from cases of pneu- 

 monia and was confused by him with the 

 organisms which he observed micro- 

 scopically in abundance in his ma/terial. 

 The latter were undoubtedly pneumococci 

 (See Diplococcus pneumonia y*- 266). B. 

 pneumonice is rather common in the upper 

 air passages and occurs in the lungs in 

 some cases of pneumonia. It is non-motile, 

 capsulated and Gram-negative, and ,in 

 nearly all respects quite like B. aerogenes. 

 The nail-shaped culture in gelatin stab is 

 regarded as specially typical. 



Bacillus (Bacterium) Rhinosclero- 

 matis. — This organism was described by 

 von Frisch in 1882. It is readily obtained, 

 often in pure culture, by incising the lesion 

 of rhinoscleroma and spreading the blood 

 thus obtained on an agar surface.^ It is 

 also found in abundance by microscopic 



' Luetscher, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1911, Vol. 

 XXII, pp. 361-366. , 



^ Wrightand Strong: iVea; York Med.Journ., 1911, 

 Vol.XCIII, pp. 516-519. 



