I0 20 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



PINUS LAMBERTIANA, Sugar Pine 



Pinus Lanibertiana, Douglas, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 500 (1827); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 

 2288 (1838); Lawson, Pinet. Brit. i. 47, t. 7 (1884); Masters, in Gard. Chron. i. 772, f. 144 

 (1887), and mjourn. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxv. 578 (1904); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. xi. 27, tt. 

 542, 543 (1897), and Trees N. Amer. 5 (1905); Kent, Veitch's Man. Coniferce, 336 (1900); 

 Clinton-Baker, Illust Conif. i. 29 (1909); Shaw, Pines of Mexico, 12 (1909). 



A tree, attaining in America^ about 250 ft. in height, and 40 ft, in girth. Bark 

 of young stems and branches smooth, thin, dark green ; becoming on old trunks 2 or 

 3 in. thick and deeply divided into long irregular scaly ridges. Buds cylindrical, 

 rounded at the apex or short-pointed, \ in. long, brownish, resinous, with closely, 

 partly glandular appressed scales. Young branchlets smooth, covered with a minute 

 brown, partly glandular pubescence. 



Leaves in fives, deciduous in the second and third year, 3^ to 4 in. long, rigid, 

 sharp-pointed, twisted, making a complete turn, serrulate, with two or three stomatic 

 lines on each of the three surfaces ; resin-canals marginal ; basal sheath f in. long, 

 early deciduous. 



Cones sub-terminal, cylindrical, 11 to 21 in. long, 3 to 4 in. in diameter when 

 closed; scales woody, 2 to 2^ in. long, i^ to if in. wide, thickened towards the 

 middle line, thin in margin, flat or slightly convex from side to side ; apophysis 

 smooth, orange-brown, slightly reflexed at the apex, which is marked with a small 

 thickened resinous umbo. Seed \ in. or more in length, ovoid, compressed, dark- 

 brown or nearly black ; wing i to 2 in. long, \ in. broad, dark-brown, oblique and 

 broadest below the middle. Cotyledons twelve to fifteen. 



This species is very variable in the size of the cones, and of the seeds, which 

 often have very long wings.^ It is readily distinguished from all the other pines of 

 the Strobus section by the rigid leaves, which are sharp-pointed and twisted, the 

 twist making a complete turn. 



Distribution 



The sugar pine is the largest species of the genus, and derives its name from 

 the sugar' which exudes from wounds that have been made in the heartwood. It 

 is found in Oregon, from the valley of the Santiam river southward along the Cascade 

 and Coast ranges, at elevations of 3000 to 4000 ft. ; and extends in California through 

 the Siskiyou and Coast mountains to Napa county,* and along the western side of 



1 Dr. W. P. Gibbons, in Erythea, i. 161 (1893), says that he has seen a sugar pine 12 ft. in diameter, the height of 

 which was 300 ft. ; and another 8 ft. thick, the measurement of which when felled was something over 300 ft. 



2 Sargent, Trees N. Amer. 5 (1905), says that the seeds are I J to 5 in. long, but this is evidently a misprint for I J to 2 in. 



3 This sugar exudation is often found on the surface of the heartwood where a forest fire has scarred the tree. It is 

 white in colour and delicious to the taste, but can only be eaten in small quantity as it is laxative, and bears are said never 

 to touch it. Cf. Muir, in Harper's Magazine, xxii. 717. 



* Jepson, Flora W. Mid. California, 20 (190 1), says that it forms considerable forests in the high Coast ranges north of 

 Clear Lake, where there are magnificent specimens, 150 to 175 ft. high and 22 ft. in girth. The record in Sonoma County, 

 given in Erythea, iv. 152, needs confirmation. Jepson reports it in the Santa Lucia mountains. 



