Pinus 102,3 



by fissures into small square scaly plates. Buds, as in P. Strobus, but larger. 

 Branchlets, covered with short, brown, partly glandular^ pubescence, retained in 

 part in the second year. 



Leaves, in fives, slightly spreading, dense upon the branchlets, persistent for three 

 or four years, about 4 in. long, often only 2 to 3 in. long in native specimens, rigid, 

 broader and thicker than in P. Strobus, serrulate, narrowed but blunt at the apex, 

 with several stomatic lines on the inner surfaces, and two to three broken lines of 

 stomata on the outer surface near the tip ; resin-canals marginal ; basal sheath 

 about f in. long, early deciduous. 



Cones spreading, on short stout incurved stalks, cylindrical ; very variable in 

 length in wild specimens, averaging 5 to 8 in., occasionally 12 and rarely 18 in.; in 

 cultivated specimens usually about 5 in. Scales thin, oblong-cuneate, averaging i|- 

 in. long and f in. broad ; apophysis rounded and thin in upper margin, slightly 

 convex from side to side, and tipped with a small dark-coloured resinous umbo. 

 Seed narrowed at the end, \ in. long, reddish brown, mottled with black ; wing 

 about I in. long, narrow, pointed, dark brown. Cotyledons 6 to 9. 



The cones are usually green in colour before ripening, but a tree at Glenalmond 

 in Scotland produced purple cones and has been named var. porphyrocarpa, 

 Masters.^ (A. H.) 



Distribution 



This tree represents P. Strobus in the Pacific coast region of North America, 

 where it occurs in the north in Vancouver Island, in the Columbia river valley, 

 and on the Selkirk range in British Columbia ; and extends southwards to Idaho, 

 where it attains its maximum size in the Bitter Root Mountains, and to the western 

 slopes of the Rocky Mountains in northern Montana ; and is found throughout the 

 coast ranges of Washington and Oregon, and on the Cascade and Sierra Nevada 

 ranges as far as the Kern river valley in California. It descends^ to sea -level in 

 Vancouver Island, ascends in the Selkirks to 2500 ft., and reaches 10,000 ft. altitude 

 in the Californian Sierras, where trees with enormous stems and short twisted 

 branches withstand for centuries the fiercest mountain gales.* 



It does not often grow as pure forest, but wherever I have seen it, is mixed with 

 other conifers, and most abundant in regions where there is a heavy rainfall, though 

 usually not a large tree in comparison with others in the same region, and commonly 

 about 100 ft. high. Sargent gives 150 as its extreme height, and Sheldon says 100 

 to 200 ft. I measured at 1 650 ft. elevation near Camp 6 of the Victoria Lumber 

 Company at Chemainus in Vancouver Island, a tree which was at least 200 ft. high 

 by \z\ ft. in girth, with a stem clear of branches to 80 or 90 ft. It is not abundant 



1 Some of the hairs are tipped with a globose gland. 



2 \xiJoum. R. ffort. Soc. xiv. 235 (1892). This is P. porphyrocarpa, Murray, in Lawson, Pin. Brit. i. 83 (1884). 



3 Throughout the greater part of its range, it occurs at considerable altitudes, and though in south-western Vancouver 

 Island it grows sparingly through the coast forest, it is more abundant at 500 ft. where the fogs are less and the summer days 

 are warmer. Close to the sea, trees are usually somewhat stunted. Cf. Butters, in PosUlna, Year Book of the Minnesota 



Seaside Station, 1906, p. 160. „ , „ , •„ , .■ r 



4 Garden and Forest, x. 460 (1897). In this journal, v. i, figs, i and 2 (1892), there are two excellent illustrations of 



trees of great age, growing in an exposed situation in the Yosemite valley. 



