I ©34 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



pendulous larger cones/ up to 3J in. in length, and seeds with a longer wing, up to 

 ^ in. in length. Mayr considers this variety to be a distinct species ; but there is 

 great variation in the size of the cones and in the length of the seed-wing ; and we 

 have found no constant characters by which the wild and cultivated specimens that 

 we have examined could be clearly separated into two distinct groups. There is 

 no difference in the foliage or the branchlets.^ 



This species' is a native of Japan and the Kurile Islands; the typical form, 

 according to Mayr, being restricted to southern Hondo, Shikoku, and Kiusiu, where 

 it either grows scattered in the beech and chestnut forests, or forms large woods 

 in company with Tsuga. In Kiso he found single trees in woods mainly composed 

 of Cupressus obtusa. Sargent * says it is a common inhabitant of mountain forests 

 above 5000 ft. elevation, usually occurring singly or in small groves, occasionally 

 reaching a height of 60 or 70 ft., and overtopping the deciduous trees by its hand- 

 some head of long, graceful, somewhat pendulous branches. Mayr, however, says 

 that it attains 100 ft. in favourable situations. 



The large-coned variety is the prevalent, if not the only form found north of lat. 

 35°, where it is met with in the great central chain of Hondo, being very common in 

 Kotzuke. Mayr states that it is always found in the broad-leaved forest, never 

 ascending into the fir region, and becoming in deep valleys a tree of the first magni- 

 tude, but in elevated regions scarcely higher than 50 or 60 ft. Faurie* collected it 

 on the precipitous mountains of Aomori, and Sargent* states that it is a rare 

 inhabitant of the mountain forests of southern Yezo. 



This species is known in Japan both as himeko-matsu and goyo-matsu, the 

 former name being restricted in books to the type, and the latter being assigned to 

 var. pentaphylla ; yet, as is acknowledged by Mayr, in the mountains of the interior 

 the colloquial usage varies, showing that there is little or no difference between the 

 two forms, which only vary in the size of their cones. This pine is cultivated in 

 pots everywhere in Japan, being dwarfed and distorted in many ways. The timber 

 is little used. (A. H.) 



I saw this tree in the forest above Agematsu in Kisogawa, at an elevation 

 of about 3000 ft. ; and, as I noted at the time, it looked so peculiar in habit and 

 bark, that until I got the leaves and cones I could not believe that it was a pine. 

 The illustration which I give of this tree (Plate 274) was taken for me by Mr. 

 Masuhara of Tokio, and would, I think, be generally taken for a cypress. It was 

 growing alone in a grassy valley, and though not of very large size seemed to be an 

 old tree. In this part of Japan it is scattered here and there among deciduous trees 

 and is not gregarious. 



i Cones collected in Yezo by Maries in 1879 and by J. H. Veitch in 1892 are preserved in the Kew Museum, and 

 though larger than those from other localities, differ in no essential character. 



2 Mayr says that in P. pentaphylla the branchlets are glabrous, but in the Yezo specimens which we have seen they are 

 distinctly pubescent. In the northern tree, according to Mayr, the bark separates into larger scales. 



3 This species is represented in Formosa by a closely allied species, P. formosana, Hayata, m/oum. Coll. Sc. Tokyo, 

 XXV. 217 (1908), referred to in Card. Chron. xliii. 194 (1908) as P. morrisonicola, Hayata. The Formosan tree has longer 

 leaves (3 to 4 in.) and larger cones, with strongly reflexed scales. 



* In Garden and Forest, viii. 306 (1895) and x. 461 (1897). 



* Cf. Masters in Bull Herb. Boissier, vi. 270 (1898). 



