10A.2 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



apophysis shining brown, broadly triangular, reflexed in its upper third, tipped by a 

 resinous thickened umbo. Seed ^ in. long, J in. wide, obovoid, sharply angled on 

 the two sides and on the upper margin, wingless, brownish, edible. 



This species closely resembles P. Cembra, though the cones are very distmct ; 

 but differs in the bristly buds, more silvery foliage, smoother branchlets, and faster 

 growth in this country ; and examination with a lens will show the different character 

 of the apex of the leaf in the two species. 



Var variegata}-K form introduced from Japan, in which the leaves when young 

 are yellowish white in colour, and said to be liable to injury if planted m a place 

 exposed to full sunshine. Though mentioned in the Kew Handlist, we have seen no 

 specimens of this variety. 



Distribution 



Pinus koraiensis is widely distributed in eastern Asia,^ occurring in Amurland, 

 Manchuria, Korea, and Japan. It is not a native of China, being represented in that 

 country by P. Armandi, with which it has been much confused by several authors.^ 



Its northern limit in Amurland is, according to Maximowicz, about 51^° lat. in 

 the interior in the Bureja range, and about 49° on the coast. In Manchuria, accord- 

 ing to Komarov, it grows throughout the mountain forests, extending westward to 

 the valleys of the Chun-dsien* and Sungari rivers, and southwards to the middle 

 valley of the Yalu river ; often growing in extensive forests mixed with Picea 

 ajanensis, Abies holophylla, and many species of deciduous trees, between 500 and 

 5000 ft. altitude. It attains a great size, up to 150 ft. in height, and the wood is 

 highly valued by the Chinese settlers in Manchuria, and is exported for making 

 coffins and for building purposes. Timber which we believe to be of this tree, 

 resembling that of P. Cembra, has lately been imported from Nikolaievsk to 

 London, and is considered likely to serve as a good substitute for the wood of P. 

 Strobus, if it can be procured in quantity of a good size. In Korea the pine attains 

 its southern limit in the district of Kang-ge, and was seen by Mr. J. H. Veitch in 

 1892 wild in various localities, notably in the Diamond mountains, where it is very 

 abundant.^ The seeds, which are much used by the Koreans, have been sent to 

 Kew by Consul Carles. They are known to the Chinese in the north as Hai-sung-tze. 

 This tree was long believed by the Japanese® to be an exotic in Japan, brought 

 from Korea by the soldiers who invaded that country. It is now known to be a 

 native of the great forests of central Japan, where it usually grows mixed with 

 deciduous trees, and occasionally ascends into the higher region of firs and spruces. 

 Mayr saw large trees wild in Kiso and in the virgin forests of the mountains of 

 Kotzuke. It is largely planted in Japan as an ornamental tree, the finest specimens 



1 Gard. Chron. i. 710 (1887). 



2 This species has been erroneously supposed to grow in Kamtschatka and the Karagin Island, where the only pine 

 known is P. pumila, Regel. Cf. Maximowicz, Mil. Biol. xi. 349 (i88i). 



3 P. koraiensis is erroneously stated to be a native of China in Veitch's Man. Conifers, 335, in Card. Chron. xxxiii. 34 

 (I903)jy<"'''"- Bot. 1903, p. 269, etc. Beissner's record of it from Shensi is also incorrect. Cf. synonymy given under 

 P. Armandi. 



* An affluent of the Yalu. 6 Kent, Veitch's Man. Conifers, 335 (1900). 



' It is known in Japan as Chosen-matsu, i.e. Korean pine. 



