I044 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



resinous with appressed scales. Young branchlets smooth, olive green, glabrous 

 or with minute scattered hairs, becoming dark grey in the second year. Leaves in 

 fives, spreading, and often bent as in P. excelsa, 4 to 6 in. long, green on the 

 convex surface, conspicuously white with stomatic lines on the two flat surfaces, 

 serrulate ; resin-canals usually median ; basal sheath and scale-leaves early deciduous. 

 Staminate flowers cylindrical, f in. long, yellow, with spatulate scarious scales 



at the base. 



Cones sub-terminal, on stalks about an inch long, pendulous or spreading, cylin- 

 drical, but tapering to an obtuse apex, 4 to 7 in. long, 2 to 3 in. in diameter. 

 Scales rigid, woody, about i^ in. long and i in broad; concealed part broadly 

 triangular, reddish brown ; apophysis triangular, yellow, tipped with a minute brown 

 mucro ; apex of the scale rounded and not reflexed, or shortly cuspidate and slightly 

 reflexed. Seed edible, wingless, ^ in. to f in. long, mottled black on the convex 

 surface, dark brown on the flatter surface, girt all round with a very narrow sharp 

 ridge.^ 



This species ^ is variable in the size of the cones, and in the shape of the scales, 

 which are, however, never so much reflexed at the apex as in P. koraiensis. The 

 foliage resembles that of P. excelsa ; but the resin-canals are marginal in the latter 

 species. The grey-coloured branchlets, which are either glabrescent, or show under 

 the lens a very scattered minute pubescence, are characteristic of P. Armandi; and 

 are very different from the glaucous glabrous branchlets of P. excelsa, or the reddish 

 brown tomentose branchlets of P. koraiensis. 



This species is widely spread throughout the mountains of western China, at 

 elevations of 4000 to 6000 ft., from lat. 34° in Shensi to lat. 23° in Yunnan. It 

 usually grows on wooded cliffs or on rocky situations, scarcely ever forming pure 

 woods, and seldom attaining more than 50 ft. in height and 6 ft. in girth. The 

 wood is used for building and for the coarser kinds of furniture ; and the edible seeds 

 are sometimes sold in the markets. It is called kuo-sung (fruit-pine) in Yunnan, and 

 tsung or niu-sung (cow- pine) in Hupeh. It is one of the remarkable discoveries 

 made by Pere David in his third journey through China in 1873, when he first saw 

 it in the Tsin-ling range, south of the Yellow River in Shensi, where it has since been 

 collected by Pere Giraldi. It was subsequently found by Pere Delavay and myself 

 in Yunnan and Hupeh, and by Pere Farges, von Rosthorn,* and Wilson in Szechwan. 



This species has lately been discovered by several Japanese botanists in Formosa, 

 where it grows on Mount Morrison at altitudes ranging from 8000 to 10,600 ft. 

 The Formosan tree bears cones with scales slightly reflexed at the tip, as is com- 

 monly the case in Yunnan specimens, and on that account has been distinguished as 

 a variety* by Hayata. 



Pere Farges sent seeds of this species in 1895 to M. Maurice L. de Vilmorin, 



1 This rim-like margin is absent in the seeds of P. koraiensis. 



2 Some of Vhxs Giraldi's specimens, which I saw in the museum of Florence, have been considered by Beissner to be 

 P. koraiensis, on account of their short leaves ; but in the branchlets, cones, and seeds they are indistinguishable from 

 P. Armandi. 



3 Diels, Flora von Central-China, 216 (1901). 



* Var. Mastersiana, Hayata, in Tokyo Joum. Coll. Science, xxv. 216, fig. 8 (1908); Pinus Mastersiana, Hayata, in 

 Card. Chron. xliii. 194 (1908). 



