1046 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



This pine, which always remains a shrub, is distinct from P. Cembra, in the 

 small size and different shape of the cones and seeds, and in the position of the 

 resin-canals in the leaves, which are shorter, and entire or serrulate in margin. 



It is widely spread ^ in eastern Asia, occurring in Kamtschatka. Siberia to the 

 eastward of Yakutsk, Amurland, northern Russian Manchuria, Saghalien, Kurile 

 Isles,^ and Japan. It is a native of very cold regions, growing as a dense scrub on 

 wind-swept plateaux or on mountains close to the snow-line. In Kamtschatka « and 

 the Kurile Isles to the north of Urup, it thrives where no other pine is known, at 

 elevations little above sea-level. In Iturup it grows between 1000 and 3000 ft. 

 elevation, and in Yezo at over 3000 ft. In central Hondo it is confined to mountain 

 peaks over 7000 feet elevation, and is often seen in the vicinity of sulphur springs, 

 the poisonous exhalations of which it bears without injury. 



It is known to the Japanese as Hai-matzu, and to the Ainus as Todonup or 

 Henekkeri; and its seeds* are much esteemed by the. natives of the Kurile Isles as 



an article of diet. 



This species appears to have been early introduced into St. Petersburg from 

 eastern Siberia ; and Loudon mentions a plant at Dropmore which was only 6 in. 

 high in 1837, though twenty years old, and had increased to 8 J in. in height in 1866 

 when it was examined by Murray. The latter procured seeds for sowing in this 

 year from Regel, but we have not found any specimens now living in England. 



Specimens with cones and seeds have lately been sent home by Capt. L. 

 Clinton- Baker, R.N., who procured them from Nyoho San, near Nikko, at 8000 ft. 

 elevation ; and two plants ' from this locality have been planted at Bayfordbury. 



(A. H.) 



PINUS FLEXILIS 



Pinus flexilis, James, in Long's Exped. ii. 34 (1823); Murray, in Gard. Chron. iii. 106, and iv. 356 

 (in part), f. 75 (1875); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. xi. 35, tt. 546, 547 (1897), and Trees 

 N. Amer. 7 (1905)5 Kent, Veitch's Man. Coniferce, 330 (1900); Masters, vajourn. Linn. Soc, 

 (Bot.) XXXV. 589 (1904); Clinton-Baker, 7//w/. Conif. i. 21 (1909); Shaw, Pines of Mexico, 

 12 (1909). 



A tree, usually 40 to 50, occasionally 80 ft. high, with a short trunk 6 to 15 ft. 

 in girth. Bark of young stems and branches thin, smooth, grey or silvery white ; 

 becoming on old trunks i or 2 in. thick, dark brown, and deeply fissured into broad, 

 scaly ridges. Branches very tough and flexible. Buds ovoid, short-pointed, f in. 

 long, resinous, with the scales appressed or free at their subulate tips. Young 

 branchlets glabrous or covered by a minute dense brown pubescence. 



' It is said by Masters, mjourn. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xviii. 505 (1881), to have been found on the bay of Kotzebue in 

 Alaska, but we have been unable to confirm this report. 



2 Miyabe, Flora of the Kurile Isles, 261 (l8go). 



' This species was early mentioned by Abb^ Chappe d'Auteroche, who, in Voyage en Sibirie, i. 360 (1768), says that 

 little cedars, creeping on the ground and never growing upright, are found on the mountains and moss-covered plains of 

 Kamtschatka. The inhabitants gather large quantities of the seed for food, and make a drink, something like kvias, by 

 boiling and fermenting the young shoots, considered to be a cure for scurvy. 



* Batchelor and Miyabe, Ainu Economic Plants, 230 (1893). 



' One of these plants is figured in Gard. Chron. xlvi. 93, fig. 41 (1909). 



