1048 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



Nevada, and south-eastern California, where it reaches the western side of the Sierra 

 Nevada at the head of King's River. It occupies the sub-alpine zone, usually 

 growing singly or in small groups, but forming open forests on the eastern foot 

 hills of the Rocky Mountains in Montana and on the ranges of central Nevada. At 

 low elevations it is associated with P. contorta, var. Murrayana, and at higher alti- 

 tudes in the southern part of its area is often scattered with P. aristata. In 

 Colorado, according to Engelmann, it has a tapering trunk, branching almost from 

 the base, and attaining, at 200 or 300 years old, a diameter of one foot. It is largest 

 in size in Arizona and in northern New Mexico, where Fendler saw it 60 to 80 ft. 

 in height.^ In the Sandia Mountains^ in this state it ascends to 12,000 ft. ; but in 

 the north is restricted to elevations of 4000 to 6000 ft. It also occurs in a limited 

 area in northern Mexico, where it was collected in Coahuila by Nelson. Sargent 

 figures ^ a fine tree, growing in the Yellowstone Park, at 7000 ft, elevation, which 

 was 5 ft. in diameter. 



P.flexilis was discovered in 1820 by Dr. Edwin James, near the base of Pike's 

 Peak in Colorado. Plants ^ were raised in the Harvard Botanic Garden from seeds 

 collected in Colorado by Dr. Parry in 1861, but after thirty-five years' growth were 

 not more than 5 ft. high with tufts of stunted foliage on the ends of naked branches. 

 There are three trees in Kew Gardens, probably of the same origin, growing near 

 the Isleworth gate, one of which produced cones* for the first time in 1896, when it 

 was 25 ft. high and 2 ft. in girth. This tree produces fruit every year, and is now 

 32 ft. by 2 ft. 10 in. At Highnam, a specimen, about 20 ft. high, has borne cones. 

 There are also two trees at Terling Place, Essex, the origin of which is unknown. 

 Both were bearing cones in 1907, the larger measuring 32 ft, by 2 ft. 4 in. They 

 have smooth green bark and ascending branches. There are four trees about 1 5 ft. 

 high at Westonbirt which are not thriving. Elwes saw a small tree at Murthly 

 in 1906. (A. H.) 



PINUS ALBICAULIS, White-Bark Pine 



Pinus albicaulis, Engelmann, in Trans. St. Louis Acad. ii. 209 (1863); J. D. Hooker, in Gard. 



Chron. xxiv. 9, f. 2 (1885); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. xi. 39, t. 548 (1897), and Trees N. Amer. 



8 (1905) ; Kent, Veitch's Man. Coniferce, 310 (1900) ; Masters, mjourn. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxv. 



588(1904). 

 Pinus flexilis, Balfour, Poi. Exped. Oregon, i, t. 2, f. i (1853) (not James). 



Pinus flexilis, James, var. albicaulis, Engelmann, in Brewer and Watson, Bot. California, ii. 124 (1880). 

 Pinus Shasta, Carrifere, Conif. 390 (1867). 



A tree, attaining 80 ft. in height and 12 ft. in girth, usually smaller, and becom- 

 ing at very high elevations a low shrub.' Bark of young trees white or pale grey, 

 smooth ; on old trees remaining thin and scaling in small polygonal plates. Young 



1 Tram. St. Louis Acad. Science, ii. 208, 209 (1863). 2 Gardeft and Forest, x. 162, fig. 19 (1897). 



' ^^''^- 461- 4 Garden, Ii. 73 (1897). 



On high cold sites, as in northern Montana, where I saw this pine in 1906, it dwindles in size till at absolute timber 

 line It IS prone on the ground in the depressions of the rock, with matted branches and a stem less than a foot in height. 



