Pinus 105 1 



was formerly only known as a tree cultivated around temples, as at Peking, 

 Shanghai, and other localities in central and northern China. It is known to 

 the Chinese as pai-sung, " white pine," or pai-kuo-sung, " pine with a white bark." 

 Chiu-lung-sung^ the pine of the nine dragons, cited as the Chinese appellation 

 by Endlicher, is the name given to a single tree of this species, standing in the 

 celebrated temple of Tieh-tai-sze, near Peking ; and was so named by the Emperor 

 Chien Lung, who admired its nine tall stems. As usually seen in cultivation in 

 China, the tree has a short trunk, sometimes 12 ft. in girth, dividing at a few feet 

 from the ground into several upright stems, which, in the oldest examples, attain a 

 height of 80 to 100 ft. Fortune^ gives a good picture illustrating this peculiar habit. 

 Wilson says that the wood is brittle, and only used for fuel. The seeds do not 

 appear to be eaten by the Chinese. 



P. Bungeana was discovered at Peking by Dr. A. Bunge in 183 1, and 

 Zuccarini's description was based upon his specimens. Fortune introduced this 

 pine into cultivation in England in 1846; and young plants reared from seed sent 

 by him were growing in 1857 in Glendinning's nursery, Turnham Green.^ Murray 

 reported in 1863 that specimens about 5 ft. high had withstood without injury the 

 severe winter of i860. Simon* sent young plants to Paris from Peking in 1862. 



No trees in cultivation in Europe are as yet old enough to show the beautiful 

 white bark which renders this pine so remarkable at Peking. As a small tree, how- 

 ever, it is fast in growth, ornamental and distinct in habit owing to its vivid green 

 foliage, and is worthy of a place in all collections. The largest specimen known to 

 us is growing at Pampisford, Cambridge, and is about 30 ft. high, dividing into four 

 slender stems near the ground ; but it has been retarded in growth by the crowding 

 of other trees. At Kew, where there are several very healthy specimens, which 

 have produced cones for several years, the tree either assumes an erect pyramidal 

 habit or is rounded and bushy in appearance. The largest tree is 25 ft. high and 

 23 in. in girth at three feet from the ground. Small trees bearing cones also exist 

 at Flitwick, Highnam, and Tregrehan. 



At Messrs. Simon- Louis' nursery® near Metz, it grows well on calcareous soil 

 and ripened seed when only 1 2 ft. high. Mayr says that it is perfectly hardy at 

 Grafrath, near Munich, where the winters are very severe. 



It is very hardy in eastern Massachusetts, where, though it still retains a bushy 

 habit, cones are produced in abundance. The largest specimen in the United States 

 is growing in Mr. Josiah Hoopes' pinetum at West Chester, Pennsylvania.* 



(A. H.) 



> Cf. Hance, m/ourn. Bot. xi. 91 (1873). 



2 Yedo and Peking, 377, 378 (1863). Cf. Card. Ckron. 1863, p. 776. 



3 Card. Chron. 1857, p. 216. Fortune received a further consignment of seed from Peking in 1864, according to Card. 

 Chron. 1 864, p. 197. 



4 Bull. Soc. d'Acclitn. 1863, p. 281. ^ Beissner, in Mitt. deut. dendr. Ges. 1905, p. 35. 

 8 Garden and Forest, vi. 458 (1893) and x. 470 (1897). 



