Pinus 1 07 1 



PINUS PONDEROSA, Yellow Pine 



PitMS ponderosa, Lawson, Agric. Manual, 354 (1836); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2243 (1838); 

 Yox\iQ% Pinet. Woburti. 44, t. 15 (1839); Sargent, in Garden and Forest, viii. 392 (1895), 

 Silva N. Amer. xi. 77, tt. 560, 561 (1897), and Trees N. Amer. 15 (1905); Masters, in Card. 

 Chron. viii. 557, figs, no, in, 114, 115 (1890), and m Journ. Linn. Soc. {Bot.) xxxv. 593 

 (1904); Kent, Veitch's Man. Conif. 363 (1900); Shaw, Pines of Mexico, 24, pi. 17 (1909); 

 Clinton-Baker, Illust. Conif. i. 45 (1909). 



Pinus Benthamiana, Hartweg, va Journ. Hort. Soc. ii. 189 (1847), and iv. 212, with fig. (1849). 



Pinus brachyptera, Engelmann, in Wislizenus, Tour in N. Mexico, 89 (1848). 



Pinus Beardskyi, Murray, in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 286 (1855). 



Pinus Craigana, Murray, in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 286 (1855). 



Pinus Engelmanni, Torrey, in Pacific Ply. Pep. iv. 141 (1856). 



Pinus Parry ana, Gordon, Pinetum, 277 (1875). 



A tree, attaining in America 150 to 230 ft. in height, and 15 to 25 ft. in girth. 

 Bark for eighty to a hundred years broken into rounded ridges, covered with small 

 appressed brownish scales ; on older trees 2 to 4 in, thick, deeply divided into large 

 plates, separating on the surface into thick reddish scales. Young branchlets stout, 

 glabrous, shining, reddish, becoming nearly black in the second or third year. Buds 

 cylindric-conic, acute, f in. long ; scales reddish brown, closely appressed, resinous. 



Leaves in threes, persistent three years, spreading, densely crowded on the 

 branchlets, 6 to 10 in. long, ^\f to ^ in. broad, rigid, curved, marked with stomatic 

 lines on the three sides, serrulate, ending in a sharp cartilaginous point ; resin-canals 

 median ; basal sheath ^ in. long. The lanceolate-acuminate fimbriated scale-leaves 

 persist long on the branchlets. 



Cones sub-terminal, solitary or clustered, sessile or sub-sessile, spreading or 

 slightly] deflexed, ovoid, 3 to 5 in. long, light reddish brown ; scales oblong, about 

 i^ in. long, \ in. wide, thin towards the base and thickened at the apex ; apophysis 

 rhomboidal, with a sharp transverse ridge and elevated umbo, armed with a slender 

 prickle. Seed oval, about |- in. long, with a dark, mottled shell ; wing about i in. in 

 length. The cones shed their seeds ^ at the end of the second year, and usually fall 

 soon after, generally leaving some of the lower scales attached to the peduncle on 

 the branch ; and hence this species and its varieties are called " broken-cone pines " 

 by Lemmon. 



This species spread over an immense area, consists of a number of geographical 

 races which have been distinguished as distinct species by various authors. As these 

 gradually pass into one another, and do not occupy isolated areas, they are best 

 treated as varieties. 



I. The typical form described above occurs mainly on the Pacific slope, where 

 it grows to a large size, and is mainly distinguishable from var. Jeffreyi by its 

 glabrous, shining, non- glaucous branchlets, which emit when cut an odour of 

 turpentine, and its resinous buds with appressed scales. The cones are ovoid-conic, 



» R. Douglas states that seeds of this species germinate as well in the fifth year as in the first. Cf. Card. Chrm. iv. 

 185 (1888). 



