Pinus 1 105 



pyramidal apophyses, armed with stout sharp spines, in the basal scales directed 

 downwards, in the apical scales recurved and pointing upwards. Seed triangular, 

 i in. long, roughened, grooved, and blackish ; wing nearly i in. long. 



The cones often remain closed for many years, persisting on the stem and branches 

 of the tree, without becoming embedded in the bark. As in the case of other pines, with 

 late-opening cones, this is a provision for the germination of the seeds, which retain 

 their vitality for a long period, until forest fires cause the scales to gape asunder. 



This species, in the absence of cones, is readily distinguished amongst the two- 

 leaved pines with persistent sheaths, by its long yellowish green leaves, and its long 

 buds whitened in a peculiar manner by resin. On a vigorous branch two whorls of 

 buds, branchlets, and cones are usually produced. 



This species is one of the four coast trees ' of California, only growing near the 

 sea within the range of the sea-fogs, and occasionally rising to 2000 ft. altitude. It 

 occurs in Mendocino County, where it attains its largest size, southwards, usually in 

 widely separated localities, to Tornales Point, north of San Francisco Bay ; and from 

 Monterey to San Luis Obispo County. It is also met with in Lower California, on 

 Cedros island, and on the coast between Ensenado and San Quintin. 



This pine, like P. contorta, which replaces it northward, grows on ocean 

 bluffs, and sometimes is common over considerable tracts of poor sandy soil. In 

 Sonoma County,^ it reaches its most vigorous development in peat-bogs, the trees 

 attaining a height of 80 to 150 ft. It is remarkable in its native habitat for its 

 flattened crown of foliage. Jepson mentions a very fine forest of this species on 

 Point Reyes, within a few miles of Olema. (A. H.) 



P. muricata was first discovered in 1832 by Dr. Coulter at San Luis Obispo, 

 and is sometimes known as Bishop's pine, from its occurrence in this locality, named 

 after Bishop St. Louis. It was introduced into England in 1846 by Hartweg, who 

 found it near Monterey, and who named it P. Edgariana, after Mr. T. Edgar, 

 Secretary of the Horticultural Society. 



It is perfectly hardy in most parts of England, and though seldom planted 

 is perhaps suitable as a shelter tree on the sea-coast, though it is much surpassed in 

 growth in such situations by P. radiata. Mr. Bean says that it thrives very well in 

 Scilly and in the Channel Isles in very exposed situations. 



Probably the finest specimen of this species in England is a tree, growing at 

 Claremont, which has a tall straight stem, and measured in [907, 71 ft. high by 

 7 ft. in girth. In Kew Gardens there is a tree of no great height, but of considerable 

 age, remarkable for the old cones, which are borne unopened on the stem ; and 

 another,^ near the Pagoda, prostrate and bushy in habit, is very peculiar in its 

 appearance. In the wilderness at White Knights, a fine healthy tree, 57 ft. by 7 ft., 

 was measured by Henry in 1904. At Pitt House, Chudleigh, there is a large spreading 

 tree, about 50 ft. high, with many stems, and covered with old persistent cones, of 



* The others are Pinus radiata, P. contorta, and Cufressus macrocarfa. 



2 Jepson in Flora W. Mid. California, 23 (1901). Engelraann, in Brewer and Watson, Botany of California, ii. 128 

 (1880), says it is also found of large size growing in peat -bogs in Mendocino County. 



^ Figured in Gard. Chron. xlv. 260, fig. iii (1909). Mr. Bean attributes its prostrate habit to the attacks of a boring 

 beetle in early life, which killed many buds and prevented the formation of leading shoots. 



