Pinus 1 1 1 3 



be no harm in trying a few as an experiment on dry poor soils on the mountains of 

 eastern Scotland, Mayr's account, in his recent work, of the favourable results 

 obtained by the cultivation of this tree in Germany should be studied by those who 

 wish to try it ; but he recommends it only as a sheltering and improving crop for the 

 worst kinds of sand and gravel soil in places which suffer severely from spring 

 frost, and where nothing better will grow. He does not expect it to produce 

 valuable timber. Its growth is remarkably fast when young, and it produces good 

 seed when only fifteen years old. 



Of these recent introductions, Dr. Mayr showed me, in May 1905, a tree grow- 

 ing at Grafrath, near Munich, from seed brought from Wisconsin in 1885. It was 

 20 ft. high, and bore fertile cones, (H. J. E.) 



PINUS PINASTER, Maritime Pine 



Pinus Pinaster^ Solander, in Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 367 (1789); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 



2213 (1838); Lawson, Pinet. Brit. i. 71 (1884); Willkomm, Forstliche Flora, 233 (1887); 



Mathieu, Flore Forestiire, 610 (1897); Kent, Veitch's Man. ConifercB, 358 (1900); Kirchner, 



Lebensgesch. Bliitenpfl. Mitteleuropas, 238 (1905); Clinton-Baker, Illust. Conif. i. 43 (1909). 

 Pinus maritima, Lamarck, Flore Franf. ii. 201 (1778); Poiret, in Lamarck, Encycl. v. 337 (1804); 



Masters, m/ourn. Linn. Sac. (Bot.) xxxv. 621 (1904). 

 Pinus syrtica, Thore, Prom. Gascogne, 161 (18 10). 

 Pinus Lemoniana, Bentham, in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 512 (1835). 

 Pinus Hamiltoni, Tenore, Cat. Hort. Neap. 90 (1845). 



A tree attaining 120 ft, in height and 14 ft. in girth. Bark soon becoming scaly 

 and furrowed ; on old trees deeply fissured and broken up into scaly plates, dark- 

 brown externally, and reddish internally. Young branchlets brown, glabrous, with 

 raised keeled pulvini ; older branchlets, from which the leaves have fallen, roughened 

 by the pulvini, bearing at their apices the reflexed bases of the scale-leaves ; the 

 bases of the shoots surrounded by a sheath of reflexed bud-scales. Buds f to i in. 

 or more, stout, spindle-shaped, pointed ; scales brown, interlaced by their white 

 fimbriated margins, and with free and reflexed points. 



Leaves in pairs,^ persistent usually for three years, slightly spreading, 5 to 6 in. 

 long, stout, rigid, curved, ending in a callous point, serrulate, with numerous stomatic 

 lines on both surfaces ; resin-canals marginal ; basal sheath an inch long, persistent. 



Staminate flowers in a dense spike. Young cones f in. long, brownish red, with 

 non-prickly scales, on a scaly peduncle, about \ in. long. Mature cones,^ sub- 

 terminal, in a whorl * of 2 to 8, shortly stalked, spreading or much deflexed, ovoid- 



' This is the oldest certain name, and the one almost universally adopted. P. maritima. Miller, Card. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 7 

 (1768), is insufficiently described, and has been referred to both P. Pinaster and P. Laricio. Cf. Graebner, in Mitt. d. dend. 

 Ges., 1908, p. 68. 



2 They sometimes occur in clusters of threes on young trees. 



3 The cones in France usually open and let out the seed in the spring of the third year ; but in Corsica and Spaiii I 

 observed many trees, with cones unopened and five to twelve years old. Here also trees begin to bear cones very early, which 

 remain unopened in numerous whorls on the main stem, resembling exactly the trees of P. tuberculata in the Siskiyou 

 mountains. One tree, 10 ft. high, h«d seven whorls of cones, the upper five of which, two to six years old, were unopened. 

 Another tree twenty-two years old bore cones in twelve whorls on the stem, all unopened. This is undoubtedly an adaptation 

 for regeneration on burnt areas, due to the frequent fires in these dry regions. 



1 Mr. H. Clinton-Baker obtained in 1908 from a tree at Boldre Grange, Lymington, a branch with sixty-one small cones 

 in a cluster. 



V Q 



