iii6 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



mountains of the Maures and Est^rel, and in the Alberes, but here it rarely occurs 

 pure, and is a smaller tree than in the Landes. It has also been planted in France far 

 to the north of its natural habitat, up to latitude 49° in-Brittany. Nearly 200,000 acres 

 were planted with this species in Sologne in the centre of France, but most of the 

 trees here were killed by the severe winter of 1879, and P. sylvestris has been planted 

 in its place. 



In Corsica it occurs from the sea-coast up to 2700 ft. on northern aspects, and to 

 4000 ft. on southern slopes, mixing in its upper level with P. Laricio, and often 

 becoming a fine tree, the largest which I measured in the mountains near Calvi, at 

 3000 ft. altitude, being 100 ft. high and 10 ft. 10 in. in girth, with a stem clear of 

 branches to 50 ft. (A. H.) 



In Portugal this is perhaps the most abundant tree in all the coast region ; and 

 on poor sandy soil unfit for agriculture, covers immense areas, mixed to a small extent 

 with oaks on the better land, but generally pure, and reproducing itself freely 

 everywhere. The trees are seldom allowed to grow very large, the tallest that I 

 saw on deep sand near the Oporto coast being about 100 ft. high and 5 or 6 ft. in 

 girth. But in the Royal forest near Leiria a tree, in 1843, measured 39 metres by 

 4 '48 metres ; and in the same forest in the Canton d'Alvenha two trees then existed, 

 of which the first was 40 metres by 3 metres, with a clean bole 27 metres long; the 

 second 38 metres by 4*20 metres. In the forest of Busaco on granite soil there are 

 a few trees scattered among the oaks, of which the largest that I measured was 80 ft. 

 by 9 ft. 4 in. The bark was here not so red and shining as on old trees in England, 

 but quite easy to distinguish from the greyer bark of P. Pinea. P. Pinaster is 

 known in Portugal as Pino bravo or wild pine, whilst P. Pinea is called Pino 

 manzo or cultivated pine. It grows wild up to about 2500 ft., and was being 

 sown on the hills above Caldas do Gerez, in the Gerez mountains north-east of 

 Oporto, up to about 3000 ft. on dry slopes, where the soil was not good enough 

 for oak. 



In Italy this species appears to be limited to the west of the Apennines, on 

 the sandy plains and in the lower hills, from Savona and Genoa ^ to Mount 

 Argentaro. On the eastern side of the Adriatic it occurs on the islands of Lussin, 

 Brazza, Lesina, and Curzola, where it is a tree of moderate height, resembling the 

 Austrian pine in habit. It occurs also in Greece. In Algeria ^ it is only known 

 on the hills overlooking the coast, between Bougie and Cape Bougarone, where it 

 covers an area of about 4000 acres. 



In Cape Colony, where it has been introduced, it grows like a weed along the 

 southern coast, where there are winter rains, and is now largely planted for railway 

 sleepers and firewood by the Forestry Department.^ At Port Phillip, in Victoria, 

 Australia, it averages 40 ft, high in 20 years.* It is also largely planted in the 

 Madeiras and Canaries. 



1 According to Bunbury, loc. cit., it grows on serpentine in the hills between Savona and Genoa, and between Sestri 

 and Spezia. 



2 Lefebvre, Les ForHs de VAlgirie, 432 (1900). 



3 Hutchins, in Flint and Gilchrist, Science in S. Africa, 393 (1905). 

 * Von Mueller, Select Extratropical Plants, 360(1891). 



