Pinus 1 121 



able woods occur at Albufeira in Algarve, and on the shores of the Bay of Cadiz. 

 It ascends in the mountains of the coast region of Granada to 3000 ft., an eleva- 

 tion unattained elsewhere, as it is usually a native of the plains and low hills near 

 the sea. (A. H.) 



In Portugal the stone pine is not nearly so common a tree as the maritime 

 pine, and is usually seen on dry hill-sides and exposed places, where its umbrella- 

 shaped crown makes it a very conspicuous tree. The finest that I saw was a very 

 remarkable tree near Covilha in the province of Beira Baixa, growing at an 

 elevation of about 2000 ft. Padre J. de Silva Tavares lent me a splendid negative 

 of this tree, reproduced on Plate 291, and informed me that its height was 31 '25 

 metres, the girth of the trunk, which is 14^ metres high, being 5-36 metres at the 

 base. He said that an old man, who remembered the French invasion, stated that 

 it was then about the same size as at present, so the tree must be a very long-lived 

 one. On the Pena Verde, near Cintra, I measured another fine old tree of very 

 gnarled and rugged habit, owing to its exposed situation. It was about 75 ft. high, 

 with a trunk of about 30 ft. by 12 ft., the bark divided into very broad reddish 

 plates, which do not become smooth and shining like thpse of P. Pinaster. Both 

 of these are exceeded in size by a tree said to have been cut down at Curto,^ 

 which measured 40 metres by 6*40 metres. A section of this tree, 477 metres in 

 girth, showed 300 annual rings. (H. J. E.) 



In France isolated trees are met with in the forests of Aleppo and maritime 

 pines in the extreme south of Provence and Languedoc ; and nearly pure woods, 

 which are undoubtedly wild, occur on several points of the Mediterranean, from 

 Aigues Mortes to Cannes. The largest of these, 750 acres in extent, lies between 

 Aigues Mortes and Les Saintes, Another wood at La Plage, near Hyeres, 

 is 160 acres in area. Others occur at Vidauban, Saint Raphael, and between Cannes 

 and Napoule. The most northerly station in France is the remarkable forest of 

 Bigourdin near Fonscolombe, which consists of a mixture of P. Pinea and P. hale- 

 pensis, and is undoubtedly natural. Here the mean annual temperature is 58°, the 

 same as at Ravenna, the northern limit of the tree on the Adriatic. The most 

 remarkable specimen is the Pin de Bertaud^ growing in the department of Var, two 

 miles from Saint-Tropez, on the main road to Toulon. It is 53 ft. high, well shaped, 

 and with a perfectly sound trunk 20 ft. in girth, the spread of foliage being 85 ft. 

 in diameter. In France the stone pine is cultivated as far north as Angers, which 

 has a western mild climate. 



In Corsica there is a wood of this species, about 25 acres in area, near Porte 

 Vecchio. 



In Italy P. Pinea is wild at intervals on the west coast, from Genoa, where 

 it occurs on the low hills, to Ostia, mainly growing on sandy plains in mixture 

 with P. Pinaster. The natural forest of San Rossore, between Leghorn and 

 Pisa, in which P. Pinea predominates amidst P. Pinaster and broad-leaved trees, 

 like Quercus pedunculata and Q. Ilex, with an undergrowth of Erica scoparia and 

 grasses, occurs on soil containing very little lime, less than \ per cent. The pines 



1 Gebhart, in Rev. des Eaux et Forits. * Joum. Soc. Nat. Hort. France, 1888, p. 367, fig. i. 



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