Pinus 1 1 27 



fine tree ; and then, with its reddish yellow bark on the upper half of the stem, and 

 spreading crown, it reminds one much of P. sylvestris. 



Cultivation 



This species was introduced^ by Siebold in 1854, into the Botanic Garden at 

 Leyden ; but was not generally distributed until 1861, when seeds were sent home 

 from Japan by J. Gould Veitch. It is, however, very rare in cultivation,^ except 

 in botanic gardens, as at Kew, where it is a handsome tree, ripening its cones 

 perfectly, and displaying the characteristic bark. We have also seen specimens, of 

 no great size, at Brocklesby, Lincolnshire ; Bagshot, Surrey ; High Canons, Herts ; 

 and Murthly, Perthshire, 



At Grafrath, near Munich, it has proved perfectly hardy during the last twenty- 

 five years ; but is easily injured by snow. Young plants are liable to the attacks of 

 the leaf-shedding disease. 



According to Sargent,' it is hardy in New England, where it produces fertile 

 cones in abundance, and is already beginning to assume its mature picturesque 

 habit. So far as can be judged from an experience of twenty-five years, it appears 

 to be the most promising of the two-leaved pines introduced into the eastern states 

 from foreign countries. 



The wood is usually coarse and knotty, but being the cheapest building timber 

 in Japan, is largely used there. Mayr says it is very similar to that of P. sylvestris, 

 and, as in that species, the amount of heartwood depends on the situation and age. 



(H. J. E.) 



PINUS MONTANA, Mountain Pine 



Pinus montana. Miller, Gard. Did. Ed. 8, No. 5 (1768); Willkomm, Forstliche Flora, 209 (1887); 



Mathieu, Flore Forestiire, 593 (1897); Kent, Veitch's Man. Coniferce, 343 (1900); Masters, 



mjourn. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxxv. 611 (1904); Schroter, Pflanzenleben der Alpen, 74 (1904); 



Kirchner and Schroter, Lebensgesch. Bliltenpfl. Mitteleuropas, 202 (1906); Clinton-Baker, Illust. 



Conif. i. 34 (1909)- 

 Pinus mugus,* Scopoli, Fl. Carniol. ii. 247 (1772). 

 Pinus pumilio, Haenke, Beob. Reis. Riesengeb. 68 (1791); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2186 



(1838). 

 Pinus uncinata, Ramond, in De Candolle, Flor. Fran(. iii. 726 (1805); Cook, Sketches in Spain, 



ii. 230 (1834). 

 Pinus humilis. Link, in Abhand. Berl. Akad. iTi (1827); Kerner, Nat. Hist. PI. Eng. Trans, i. 



548, fig. 13s (1898). 

 Pinus obliqua, Sauter, in Reichenbach, Flora Germ. Exc. 159 (183 1). 

 Pinus uliginosa, Neumann, Schles. Ges. 95 (1837). 



Variable in habit, a tree or prostrate shrub, with greyish black scaly bark. 

 Young branchlets brown, glabrous, with raised keeled pulvini. Buds ovoid or 

 cylindrical, short-pointed, i to ^ in. long, covered with resin. 



1 A plant, 18 in. high, in cultivation at Woburn in 1839, is namedi Pinus japonica, Forbes, in Pin. Woburtunse, 33 

 (1840) ; but it is impossible to say from the description whether it was P. densiflora or P. Thunbergii. 



2 A thousand plants, imported from Japan, were planted in 1907 at Ampton Park, Sufifolk ; and about a hundred were 

 living in 1910. ' Garden and Forest, x. 471 (1897). 



* This name occurs in Scopoli as mugus, but mughus is adopted by all later writers. It is derived from the Italian name 

 of the tree, mugo, used in south Tyrol. 



