1 134 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



are also four trees at Bayfordbury, which are about 40 ft. high, each with three to 

 five stems from near the base, where they curve and turn upwards. Another at 

 Arley was 32 ft. by 3 ft. 2 in. in 1904. 



My father some fifty years ago planted some thousands of this tree at 

 Colesborne in ignorance of their habit, and though they will live on the poorest 

 and thinnest oolite, yet not one of the survivors would repay the trouble of cutting 

 down, except for burning in closed stoves or for charcoal ; for which it is said to be 

 very well adapted. Here and there a tree drawn up among others has grown to be 

 20 to 30 ft. high, but the majority form straggling bushes, which produce cones 

 abundantly, but have no beauty ; and I cannot honestly recommend any one to plant 

 this species at present. 



Of the shrubby form, v^x. pumilio, the most remarkable specimen is probably 

 one at Burwood House, Surrey, of which Col. Thynne has taken a photograph. It 

 measures about 11 ft. high, and is 156 ft. in circumference around the prostrate ends 

 of the branches. At Belton Park, Grantham, a large shrub of this kind is about 

 1 5 ft. high, and spreads on all sides for about 30 ft. There is a large spreading bush, 

 about 30 ft. high and 45 paces round, at Spetchley Park, near Worcester, the 

 seat of R. V. Berkley, Esq. (H. J. E.) 



PINUS CONTORTA 



Pinus contorta, Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2292 (1838) ; Sargent, Silva N. Amer. xi. 89, t. 567 

 (1897), and Trees N. Amer. 26 (1905); Kent, Veitch's Man. Coniferce, 323 (1900); Masters, 

 in Journ. Linn. Soc. (JBot) xxxv. 630 (1904); Clinton-Baker, Illust. Conif. i. 16 (1909); Shaw, 

 Pines of Mexico, 29 (1909). 



Pinus inops, Bongard, in Mem. Phys. Math. pt. ii. Acad. Sc. St. Petersb. ii. 163 (1831) (not Solander). 



Pinus Boursieri, Carrifere, in Rev. Hart. 1854, p. 225. 



Pinus Mackintoshiana, Lawson, Cat. (1855). 



Pinus Bolanderi, Parlatore, in DC. Prod. xvi. 2, p. 379 (1868). 



This species is very variable in habit and size, constituting a series of geo- 

 graphical races, which require further study in the field. It may be described as 

 follows :— A tree or shrub, with either thin or thick bark. Young branches glabrous, 

 with slightly raised keeled pulvini. Buds cylindrical, acute at the apex, about J in, long, 

 encrusted with white resin. Leaves in pairs, persistent three to eight years, curved, 

 twisted, I to 3 in. long, serrulate, ending in a callous point, with numerous stomatic 

 lines on both surfaces ; resin-canals median ; basal sheath \ in. long. 



Cones sub-terminal, on short stout scaly stalks, in pairs or clustered, opening 

 when ripe or remaining closed ^ for many years, ovoid or conical, J to 2\ in. long, 



1 Sargent, in Bot. Gazette, v. 54 (1880), says that he sowed in 1879, seed from closed cones collected by Engelmann in 

 Colorado in 1874. Seeds of cones thirteen and ten years old did not germinate, but the seeds of some cones of nine, eight, 

 and seven years old did germinate. This shows according to Engelmann, Bot. Gazette, v. 62 (1880), that the object of the 

 tree keeping the cones closed, is to preserve the vitality of the seeds for a number of years beyond their maturity 



