1 136 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



(1880); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. xi. 90, t. 568 (1897), and Trees N. Amer. 27 

 (1905); Kent, Veitch's iI/««. Conifem, 324 (1900). 



Pinus contorta, Loudon, var. latifolia, Watson, in King's Rep. U.S. Geol. Survey i^ath Parallel, v. 330 



(1871). 

 Pinus Murrayana} Balfour, Rep. Oregon Expedition, 2, t. 3 (1853); Mayr, Fremdland. Wald- u. 



Parkbdume, 358 (1906). 

 Pinus inops, Bentham, Fl. Hartweg, 337 (1857) (not Solander). 



Pinus contorta, Newberry, in Pacific R. R. Rep. vi. pt. iii. 34, 90 (1857) (not Loudon). 

 Pinus Tamrac, A. Murray, in Gard. Chron., 1869, p. 191. 

 Pinus tenuis, Lemmon, in Erythea, vi. 77 (1898). 



A tall tree, varying from 70 to 200 ft. in height ; bark rarely more than \ in. 

 thick, covered with small loosely appressed scales. Leaves i^ to 3 in. long, ^ 

 to \ in. broad, yellowish green. Cones very variable : in specimens which I 

 gathered in the Siskiyou mountains, Oregon, from small trees occupying burnt 

 areas, an inch in length, very oblique, deflexed, and remaining closed for an 

 indefinite period ; in specimens collected in Montana, slightly larger, but many 

 opening when ripe ; in the Sierra Nevada, usually larger, up to 2 in. in length, 

 and apparently always opening when ripe, and falling from the tree in the following 

 season. Probably three distinct forms of this variety can be distinguished : — 



1. Rocky Mountain form, occurring from Alaska to Montana. A slender tree, 

 rarely over a foot in diameter, and 100 ft. in height in its best development. 

 Cones late in opening. The form in Colorado, distinguished as P. Murrc^ana, 

 var. Sargenti, Mayr, in Waldungen Nord-A77ier. 350 (1890), seems to be similar to 

 the tree in Montana, and like it has long leaves (3 in. in length). 



2. Sierra Nevada form. A large stout tree, attaining 150 ft. in height and 

 9 ft. in girth. Cones usually opening when ripe. 



3. Intermediate forms between var. Murrayana and typical P. contorta occur 

 as small trees, 40 ft. or less in height, in the Cascades and the Siskiyou mountains ; 

 and have slender foliage and closed cones. 



The lodge-pole pine has an exceedingly wide distribution in western North 

 America, extending from the hills in the valley of the Yukon river, Alaska, through the 

 interior plateau of British Columbia, where it occurs at 2000 to 4000 ft. It crosses 

 the Rocky Mountains in the valley of the Peace river, lat. 56°, its eastern boundary 

 in Alberta being the meridian of 114° longitude, west of Edmonton and Calgary. A 

 small isolated forest ^ of this pine occurs at 3000 ft. altitude, south-east of Medicine 

 Hat, in the Cypress Hills, which take their name from this tree, as both it and 

 P. Banksiana were called cypres by the early French voyageurs. 



In the United States, it forms extensive forests on both sides of the Rocky 



1 The type specimen of P. Murrayana is preserved in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh, and is 

 labelled m Jeffrey's handwriting as follows i-'-P^wax sp. No. 740. Found in the Siskiyou mountains in lat. 43° 30', 

 elevation 7500 ft., growmg on moist, deep, loamy soil, Oct. 21st. This, all the cones I could procure. Tree 40 ft. high, 

 of a conical form." Lat. 43° 30', far to the northward of the Siskiyou mountains, is evidently a mistake for lat. 41° 30', as 

 we know from Jeffrey's type specimen oi P. Jeffreyi, which was collected three days later (Oct. 24, 1852) in lat. 41° 30' in the 

 Shasta valley. Another specimen at Edinburgh, of which there is a duplicate at Kew, is labelled :-" 740. Pinus sp 

 Same as No. 740 of 1852 collection. Summit of Sierra Nevada mountains near Walker's Pass, Sept. 20, 1853." This 

 specimen did not reach Edinburgh until after the publication of the species by Balfour 



2 Macoun, in Proc. Roy. Soc. Canada, xii. 4, pp. 13, 15 (,894) 



