Pinus 1 139 



and with scaly bark, 59 ft. by 4 ft. 7 in., and 50 ft. by 3 ft. 3 in. Both were bearing 

 cones in 1909. In addition, there are about twenty trees, smaller in size, about 

 30 ft. high and twenty-five years old. At Westonbirt this species becomes yellow in 

 foliage, and does not thrive on limestone. It is said to be a bad rooter, and easily 

 blown down by the wind. At Merton Hall, Norfolk, there is a tree 47 ft. by 

 4 ft. 5 in. (Plate 292). 



At Bayfordbury, a tree with a straight stem and scaly bark, measured in 1905, 



49 ft. high by 4 ft. 9 in. in girth. There are two specimens at Pampisford, 

 Cambridge, drawn up in a wood, which measure about 40 ft. in height and 2 ft. in 

 girth. At Highclere, where there are six trees, one growing in a plantation measures 



50 ft. by 3 ft. 5 in., and one in the open is 40 ft. by 5 ft. There are also smaller 

 trees at Nuneham Park, Oxford, and at Ochtertyre, Perthshire. The best we 

 know in Scotland is at Castle Menzies, which I found in 1908 to be 51 ft. by 5 ft. 

 10 in. A tree of typical contorta, planted in 1886 at Grayswood, Haslemere, as 

 P. Bolanderi, measured, in 1906, 28 ft. by 3 ft. i in. 



Mayr considers var. Murray ana to be close to P. Banksiana, both from a 

 botanical and a biological point of view, and recommends it for planting in cold 

 situations on high-lying moors. When planted closely, it cleans its stem readily, 

 and at Grafrath, near Munich, where it has been planted in a cold peaty soil, it 

 has endured a minimum temperature of - 22° Fahr. But at Nurnberg, where 65,000 

 young trees were planted in a moist situation, they are reported to be tender to 

 frost. At Grafrath this species grows even faster than P. Banksiana. 



The lodge -pole pine, introduced^ from Colorado into the Arnold Aboretum 

 about 1877, has proved hardy in New England and produced cones; but it suffers 

 from fungi and gives no promise of permanent success. 



Timber ^ 



The wood of the lodge-pole pine is coarse in grain, full of knots ; and warps and 

 cracks badly. It is soft, white, light, and not very strong, with little sapwood. It 

 has been little used hitherto, except for mining purposes, the Amalgamated Copper 

 Company having purchased, for example, fifty million feet (board measure) in 1906 

 from the Hellgate Reserve in Montana. It is coming into use, however, of late, 

 for railway sleepers, for which it is suitable when creosoted, and the Burlington and 

 Missouri Railway Company has begun to make extensive experiments in the pre- 

 servation of this timber. It is in considerable use for fencing, but cannot be used 

 for posts or telegraph poles, as it rots quickly when placed in contact with the 

 ground. (H. J. E.) 



' Sargent in Garden and Forest, x. 471 (1897). 

 2 Notes taken by forest officers, in the U.S. Bureau of Forestry, Washington, are here summarised. 



