1 1 Ao The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



PINUS RESINOSA, Red Pine 



Pinus resinosa, Solander, in Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 367 (1789); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2210 



(1838); Sargent, Stlva N. Amer. xi. 67, tt. 555, 556 (1897), and Trees N. Amer. 25 (1905); 



Kent, Veitch's Man. Conifera, 372 (1900) ; Masters, mjourn. Linn. Soc. {Bot.) xxxv. 614 (1904) ; 



Mayr, Waldungen Nord-Amer. 211-214 (1890), and Fremdldnd. Wald- u. Parkbdume, 346 



(1906); Clinton-Baker, Illust. Conif. i. 48 (1909)- 

 Pinus sylvestris, Linnaeus, var. norvegica, Castiglioni, Viag. Negli Stati Uniti, ii. 313 (1790). 

 Pinus rubra, Michaux f.. Hist. Arb. Amer. i. 45, t. i (18 10) (not Miller). 



A tree, usually attaining in America a height of 70 to 90 ft., and a girth of 6 to 

 9 ft.; occasionally, under most favourable conditions, reaching 150 ft. high and 15 ft. 

 in girth. Bark about an inch thick, divided by shallow fissures into broad flat scaly 

 ridges. Young branchlets orange-brown, glabrous, with raised rounded imbricated 

 pulvini, which persist as rough protuberances on the older branchlets, from which 

 the leaves have fallen. Buds elongated, conical, pale-brown, 5^ to f in. long, coated 

 partly with white resin, with a few of the appressed scales free at their acuminate 

 tips. 



Leaves in pairs, deciduous in the fourth year, densely crowded on the branchlets, 

 forming cup-like tufts at their apices, more or less spreading below, 5 to 6 in. long, 

 dark green, shining, soft and flexible, sharp-pointed, serrulate, obscurely stomatic on 

 the inner and outer surfaces ; resin-canals marginal ; basal sheath |^ in. long. 



Cones ^ sub-terminal, solitary or in pairs, sub-sessile, spreading, ovoid-conic, 

 about 2 in. long, light brown, shining; scales | in. long, \ in. wide; apophysis 

 thickened, rhomboidal, with a transverse ridge, and a central depression, in which 

 lies the rounded shining dark brown unarmed umbo. Seed ovoid, compressed, 

 mottled brown, about \ in. long ; wing pale brown, f in. long ; cotyledons six or 

 seven. 



This species is only liable to be confused with P. Laricio, which it resembles 

 in the branchlets and general appearance of the foliage ; but is readily distinguished 

 by the long basal sheaths of the leaves, the resin-canals of the latter being marginal 

 and not median as in P. Laricio. 



Distribution 



The red pine is the representative of P. sylvestris in Canada, and the northern 

 border of the United States, where it is often called " Norway Pine," its northern 

 limit extending from Lake St. John in Quebec, lat. 48°, westwards through central 

 Ottawa to the southern end of Lake Winnipeg. In Quebec it forms thick groves 

 on sandy and gravelly hills, and the forests still uncut contain an immense quantity 

 of lumber of this species.^ On dry ridges near Toronto, Elwes saw trees over 90 

 ft. high, with clean stems to 50 or 60 ft. 



I The cones in falling, as I have observed in Minnesota and on cultivated trees at Bayfordbury, leave some of the basal 

 scales and the short stalk on the branchlet. 



.•n ! ^'^' ^^°^^"f • "" C'««orfzVr« Forestry Association, Sixth Ann. Report, 69 (1905), estimates the timber of this pine 

 stxll standing m Quebec, at 7500 million feet board measure. 



